Steven Martinez

1
-Tidal and Wave Energy-

• Steven Martinez
• Matthew Notta
• Bradlee Burnham

2
-History of Tidal Energy-

• 787 simple technique of a waterwheel by the
  Spanish, French, and British
• 1966 La Rance tidal power plant went in
  operation.
• 2001 British Parliament states the world can no
  longer neglect the massive potential of wave and
  tidal energy
• 2002-present Large investments in research and
  prototypes spark proposals in Turkey, China, and
  United States among others

3
-History of Wave Energy-

• 1799 First patent of a device designed to use
  ocean waves to generate power
• 1910 First oscillating water column was built by
  Bochaux-Praceique to power his house
• 1940s Yoshio Masuda experimented with many
  concepts of wave power
• 2004 Wave power was delivered to an electrical
  grid for the first time

4
-Tidal Stream Generators-

• Very close in concept to traditional windmills
• Most popular prototype on the market
• Prototype sites include Norway, England, and New
  York.
• In 2007 8 prototype turbines where placed in the
  East River between Queens and Roosevelt Island.
• It is the first major tidal power project in the
  USA
• Powers 1/3 of a parking garage and a supermarket

5
-SeaGen-

• Worlds first large scale commercial tidal stream
  generator.
• First one was installed in the Strangford Narrows
  (Ireland)
• Generates 1.2MW between 18-20 hours a day
• Blades span 16 meters in diameter

• http//www.energysavers. gov/renewable_energy/ocea
  n/index.cfm/mytopic50009

6
-Barrage Tidal Power Rance Power Station-

• Located on Rance River, France
• 750 meters long
• 24 Turbines
• Capacity of 240MW
• Annual output of 600GWh
• Supplies 0.012 of Frances power supply.
• Opened 1966

• http//www.energysavers. gov/renewable_energy/ocea
  n/index.cfm/mytopic50009

7
-Calculations Tidal Stream Generators-
P the power generated (in watts) ? the
turbine efficiency ? the density of the water
(seawater is 1025 kg/m³) A the sweep area of
the turbine (in m²) V the velocity of the flow
Power equation is based on the kinetic energy of
the moving water
8
-Calculation Barrage Tidal Power-

• E energy
• ? the density of the water (seawater is 1025
  kg/m³)
• A horizontal area of the barrage basin
• G Gravity (9.81m/s2)
• H Vertical Tide Range

The potential energy available from a barrage
is dependent on the volume of water.
9
-Environmental Impact-

• Mortality rates of fish swimming threw the
  turbine is around 15
• Sonic guidance to get fish to avoid the turbine
• Placement of barrage turbines into estuaries can
  change entire ecosystems
• Alters flow of saltwater possibly changing
  hydrology salinity
• Sediment movement also can effect the ecosystem

10
-Comparison to Wind Energy-

• Tidal Stream generators draw energy in the same
  basic way wind turbines do
• Higher density of water allows a single generator
  to provide significantly more power
• Water speeds of nearly 1/10 the speed of wind can
  provide the same energy output
• Current in water is much more reliable then wind
  in the air.

11
-Economics of Tidal Power-

• The cost of building a Tidal Power plant can have
  a high capital cost.
• UK 15 Billion
• 8000MW
• Philippines 3 Billion
• 2200MW
• Operating costs are low and usually come from
  maintenance

12
-What You Can Do-

• In the Amazon helical turbine technology are
  being used to generate small scale electricity
  for rural communities.
• rural residents are dispersed and cannot be
  reached economically by power lines from central
  generators.
• The only decentralized options available to them
  now are solar panels and diesel generation.
• Configuration
• The helical turbine rotates on a shaft with a
  pulley that runs an alternator by means of a
  belt.
• The alternator charges batteries

13
-Amazon Project-
(b) Pulley and belt
(c) Automotive alternator
(a) 6-blade helical turbine
www.globalcoral.org/UNCSD20SUMMARY.ppt
14
-Amazon Project-

• Energy production 120 A-h/day
• 8 solar panels (75 Wp), installed US 5690
• Tide-Energy generating station US 2800

• Numbers on Annual operating costs (120 A-h/day)
• 1000 VA diesel generator US 1397
• Tide-Energy generating station US 824
• Includes fuel, labor,
  maintenance, and depreciation
• For a single Tide-Energy generating station
• Annual Receipts (charging 5 batteries/day)
  1750
• Costs (labor, maintenance, and depreciation)
  824
• Profit
  US 926

15
-Wave Power-

• Salters Duck design
• Could stop 90 of wave motion and could convert
  90 of that to electricity
• Shut down because of an error in calculating the
  cost, which wasnt discovered until 2008, and the
  program had been shut down in 1982

16
-How it Works-

• The duck device bobs back and forth as waves
  pass, this motion moves a pendulum that is
  connected to a generator that produces
  electricity

http//www.permaculture.org.au/images/ocean_power_
salters_duck.gif
17
-Some Companies-

• Some companies designing mechanisms
• Wavegen
• Limpet
• Ocean Power Delivery
• Pelamis tube
• Renewable Energy Holdings
• CETO
• Oyster Wave Energy devices

18
-Advantages and Disadvantages-

• Advantages
• The energy is free no fuel needed, no waste
  produced
• Not expensive to operate and maintain
• Can produce a great deal of energy
• Disadvantages
• Depends on the waves sometimes youll get loads
  of energy, sometimes almost nothing
• Needs a suitable site, where waves are
  consistently strong
• Some designs are noisy. But then again, so are
  waves, so any noise is unlikely to be a problem
• Must be able to withstand

19
-Environmental Impact-

• Noise pollution
• Displace productive fishing sites
• Change the pattern of beach sand nourishment
• Alter food chains and disrupt migration patterns
• Offshore devices will displace bottom-dwelling
  organisms where they connect into the

20
-Sources-

• (2006). Tidal Energy Industry Boom. Retrieved
  http//www.alternative-energy-news.info/tidal-ener
  gy-industry-boom/
• (2008). Renewable Energy Ocean Wave Power.
  Retrieved http//www.energysavers.
  gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic50009
  
• (2009) Ocean Wave Energy. Retrieved
  http//ocsenergy.anl.gov/guide/wave/index.cfm
• (2010). Americas Premiere Wave Power Farm Sets
  Sail. Retrieved http//www. alternative-energy-new
  s.info/wave-power-farm-sets-sail/
• (2010). History of Tidal Energy. Retrieved.
  http//www.google.com/qhistoryoftidal
  energyhlentbstl 1tboueinPavS6aeAYH48Ab-q
  6y9DwsaXoi timeline_resultcttitleresnum11
  ved0CDgQ5wIwCgfp1cadb
• Kirke, B. (2006) Developments in ducted water
  current turbines. Retrieved http//www.cyberiad.ne
  t/library/pdf/bk_tidal_paper25apr06.pdf
• Lamb, H. (1994) Hydrodynamics. England. Cambridge
  University Press.
• Meyer, R. (2009). Tidal energy . Retrieved from
  http//www.oceanenergycouncil.com/
  index.php/Tidal-Energy/Tidal-Energy.html
• Tayor, P. (2007). Seagen Tidal Power
  Installation. Retrieved http//www.alternative-ene
  rgy-news.info/seagen-tidal-power-installation/