Hawaii Energy Resource Technologies for Energy Security

1
Hawaii Energy Resource Technologies for Energy
Security

• Rick Rocheleau HNEI, UH
• Terry Surles HNEI, UH
• Art Seki - HECO
• Bill Parks US DOE
• Presentation for 2nd Friday Tech Download
• Hawaii Science Technology Council
• December 8, 2006

2
Who/What

• R. Rocheleau Setting the stage
• A. Seki Utility perspective
• B. Parks - Why this is important on a national
  level
• R. Rocheleau HNEI programs
• T. Surles Hawaii Energy Resource Technologies
  for Energy Security

3
Hawaiis Renewable Energy Sources

• Wind (commercially viable on all islands -
  siting and integration)
• Solar PV and hot water (commercial - PV cost)
• Geothermal (30MW, permit for 60MW - utility
  need)
• Biomass (transportation and electricity use -
  land use, crop selection and conversion
  technology)
• Municipal Solid Waste (commercial but limited)
• Run-of-river hydro (commercial - very limited
  resource)
• Pumped hydro storage (good potential - siting)
• Ocean thermal (excellent resource - technology
  and cost)
• Wave (excellent resource - technology and cost)
• Current (via tides, limited potential)

4
Renewable Resource Mix and Energy Issues Provides
Unique Opportunities for Hawaii

• Varied and substantial mix of renewable resources
  
• Unusually high dependence on petroleum for
  electricity over 80
• Very high cost of electricity over 0.30/kwh (
  some islands)
• Highest in nation gasoline costs over 2.70
  per gallon
• Substantive transmission and distribution issues
  mountainous terrain, sparse system.
• Unique and substantive difference between peak
  load vs. base load requirements - available
  renewable energy taken off line
• Changing housing requirements leading to need for
  linking solar/efficiency
• State government focused on contributing to
  energy solutions
• Hawaiian different from mainland utilities

5
Special Considerations for UsingRenewable Energy
in Hawaii

• Hawaiian utilities are different from mainland
  utilities
• Relatively small utility systems
• No grid interconnections
• Reliability is critical
• Many renewables not continuously available
  (solar, wind, hydroelectric)
• Still need generation we can dispatch on demand

6
Partnerships are Needed

• Research, development demonstration projects
  with the Federal and State government,
  universities
• MOD-OA and MOD-5B Wind turbines at Kahuku, Oahu
• HGP-A geothermal power plant in Puna, Hawaii
• OTEC study at Kahe power plant, Oahu
• Biomass feasibility studies on Maui and Hawaii
• Hawaii deep water cable program
• Pumped storage hydroelectric studies

7
Renewable Energy Challenges

• As-available and firm power
• Wind penetration limits
• Curtailment during the off-peak
• Technology costs are high
• Various stage of technical development or
  maturity
• Site specific or land intensive issues
• Environmental impacts

8
Why is Grid Modernization Important?
Outages and Power Quality Disturbances Cost the
U.S. 79B Annually
LBNL Base-Case Estimate of the Cost of Power
Interruptions by Types of Interruption
Frequency of Outages and Disturbances
26 Billion
52 Billion

Interruptions lasting five minutes or less are
considered momentary interruptions.
Source LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi and Eto,
Joseph H. Understanding the Cost of Power
Interruptions to U.S. Electricity Consumers.
(Accessed May 19,2005).
Source NERC Systems Disturbance Reports,
1992-2003.
Public Interest at Risk

• Productivity of businesses and industry
• Costs to states and local governments

• Reliable electric service
• Costs of manufactured goods

9
Systems Integration
10
Microgrids

• Definition
• A microgrid is an integrated energy system
  consisting of interconnected loads and
  distributed energy resources which as an
  integrated system can operate in parallel with
  the grid or in an intentional island mode
• Significance
• Microgrids can deliver several value propositions
  including reduced cost, increased reliability
  security, green power, service differentiation,
  and power system optimization.

11
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute

• Established by the Hawaii Legislature in 1974 to
  assist the state in developing Hawaiis renewable
  energy resources
• Research unit in the University of Hawaiis
  School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
• Staff includes permanent faculty, scientific
  staff, post-doctoral fellows, graduate students,
  and administrative support (about 60 total)
• Research programs
• Hydrogen renewable hydrogen production
• Fuel Cells testing, modeling, and development
• Ocean resources seabed methane hydrates
• Photovoltaics thin film solar cells
  deployment and testing
• Biomass and biotechnology gaseous, liquid and
  solid fuels
• Renewable distributed energy systems -
  deployment, demonstration, and integration

12
Hawaii New Mexico Partnership Builds upon
Existing Partnerships

• 2000 Hawaii Hydrogen Feasibility Study idd
  need for partnering
• 2000 HI Act 283 250K to establish H2
  Partnerships
• 2001 Hawaii Energy and Environmental Technology
  Initiative ONR funding for fuel
  cells and methane hydrates
• 2001 Hawaii Gateway Energy Center focus put on
  distributed energy systems
• 2002 Hawaii Hydrogen Power Park significant
  commercial cost-share
• 2004 Hawaii Hydrogen Center for Development and
  Deployment of Distributed Energy
  Technologies expansion of
  partnerships beyond H2 and Fuel Cells
• 2006 Hawaii New Mexico Sustainable
  Partnership for Energy Security
  addresses grid issues
• 2006 Supplemental Funding for Section 355
  EPAct 2005

13
Hawaii H2 Feasibility Study (2000)

• Identified nearer term hydrogen opportunities
• Proposed development of public-private
  partnerships

14
Hawaii Gateway Energy Center (HGEC) at NELHA

• 2001 - Center given focus development of
  hydrogen and distributed energy systems
• 2003 HGEC construction begins
• Oct 2004 HGEC facility dedicated business
  partnering meeting to identify potential
  customers
• Aug 2005 HNEI completes business plan for HGEC
• Mar 2006 HNEI leases HGEC for testing of
  renewable and distributed energy technologies

15
Hawaii Hydrogen Power Park

• Test bed for integration and validation of
  hydrogen generation, storage, and use in a real
  world environment
• DOE/SEP project with HNEI as the implementing
  partner (02)
• One-to-one cost share by partners (DBEDT, CC,
  Stuart Energy, HECO, HELCO, Gas Company,UH)
• Education and outreach opportunities

• Integrated electrolyzer-storage-fuel cell system
  operated at HFCTF
• Integrated wind-electrolysis system under
  construction at Kahua Ranch (1st Q 07 start-up)
• DOE commits 800,000 for renewable H2 fueling
  facility at HGEC (3rd Q 06)
• Comfort letter from State H2 Capital Investment
  fund for one-to-one cost share
• Negotiations with DOI for fueling of hydrogen
  powered shuttle buses

16
Hawaii Hydrogen Center for Development and
Deployment of Distributed Energy Systems

• Tasks include
• Hawaii Hydrogen Power Park
• Effect of hydrogen fuel impurities on fuel cell
  performance
• Renewable hydrogen production solar and biomass
• Renewable hydrogen partnerships
• Heavily leveraged by cost shared CC of
  Honolulu, Hawaiian Electric Company, Gas Company,
  Clearfuels LLC., New Mexico Tech, MVSystems,
  Center for a Sustainable Future, PICHTR, GE
  Global Research Center
• 2006 Original DOE agreement amended to bring in
  GE GRC for Hawaii Roadmapping Phase I
  Assessment of Electric and Transportation
  Infrastructure. Key building block for
  Hawaii-New Mexico Sustainable Partnership for
  Energy Security (aka Hawaii Energy Resource
  Technologies for Energy Security)

17
Public-Private Partnerships Needed For Solving
Critical Issues Facing Our Electricity System
Electric System of the Future
Environment Quality
Grid Modernization
Global Climate Change
Energy Security
Environment Quality
None Of These Issues Can Be Resolved Without
Partnerships
18
Hawaii Energy Resource Technologies for Energy
Security

• Continuation and expansion of HNEI activities to
  develop, demonstrate, and deploy technologies to
  facilitate penetration of Hawaiis renewable
  resources into its energy systems
• Three USDOE-funded tasks
• Hawaii (Big Island) Road-mapping Assessment of
  Electrical and Transportation Infrastructure and
  Microgrid Applications
• Research, Development and Testing of Critical DER
  and Microgrid Technologies at Hawaii Gateway
  Energy Center.
• Development of Public Policy and Outreach to
  Accelerate DER/Microgrid Acceptance support for
  Hawaii Energy Policy Forum
• Partners include GE, HELCO/HECO, New Mexico Tech,
  DBEDT
• Multiyear multi-program goals include
• Facilitate greater use of Hawaiis indigenous
  renewable energy resources
• Reduce the states dependence on fossil fuels
• Support national as well as state goals energy
  security, grid modernization, climate change,
  environmental quality

19
Task 1 Big Island Roadmapping Assessment of
Electrical and Transportation Infrastructure

• Develop strategic energy roadmap to identify
  economically viable technology steps to transform
  Big Island energy infrastructure
• Ties to national grid modernization programs
• Identification at least three candidate sites on
  the Big Island for deployment of microgrid
  systems, leading to a site-specific conceptual
  design
• Design will provide for systems integration
  distributed energy resources, interconnection
  technologies, advanced monitoring and
  communications systems
• Address site specific and stakeholder issues
  institutional, operational, environmental,
  cultural, and societal
• Work closely with partners GE, DBEDT, HECO/HELCO

20
Task 2 RDD, Testing, Evaluation, and
Validation of DER Technologies

• Build-out of Gateway Center for testing and
  evaluation of distributed energy systems
• Identify and evaluate emerging technologies with
  industrial partners
• Energy storage flow batteries, ultra-capacitors
• Hydrogen energy systems
• Renewables biomass, PV, wind
• Deployment of technologies to address
  transmission congestion, peak demand, and
  renewable intermittency
• First systems will be in place in early 2007

21
Task 3 Integrated Assessment and Policy Analysis

• Partner with Hawaii Energy Policy Forum
• Develop better mechanisms for linking RDDD to
  state policy and regulatory initiatives
• Allows for broad feedback on project activities
• Provides mechanism for providing information to
  public officials for informed decision-making
• Address economic impacts to state of petroleum
  dependency - Section 355 under Energy Policy Act
• Funded by USDOE and DBEDT
• Participants include HEPF, NREL, UHERO, Chevron,
  Tesoro, FACTS

22
Linking RD and Public Policy to
Commercialization Process
Institutional Issues Regulations Incentives
Government
23
These Multi-Sector Activities Build Upon State
Attributes and Needs

• Move toward greater utilization of state
  renewable resources for electricity generation
• Incorporate new transportation systems and fuels
  biofuels, plug-in hybrids
• Focus on local energy solutions incorporation
  of energy efficiency with renewable systems
• New technologies for addressing peak demand
• Address transmission and distribution issues
  through development of micro-grids

24
Our Sustainable and Economic Future The Es
are Linked

• Environment
• Energy
• Economics
• Equity
• Education