SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: ACHIEVING COMPLIANCE WITH MSW RULES

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACHIEVING COMPLIANCE
WITH MSW RULES

• Mrs Almitra H Patel, MS MIT
• Member, Supreme Court Committee
• For Solid Waste Management
• almitrapatel_at_rediffmail.com

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COMPLIANCE REQUIRES ONLY ADMINISTRATIVE
WILL !!!

• Suryapet A P (pop. 1.03 lac) has Zero Waste
• in the town or for ultimate disposal through
• segregated door-to-door collection,
• composting vermi and dry waste sorting,
• all with OWN staff.
• SEPARATE lifting of inerts (drain silt, debris).
• NO Govt funds, citizen payment or NGOs.
• SJSRY program for collection transport.

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A COMPLETE ROAD MAP IS AVAILABLE SINCE 1999

• It is in the Supreme Court Committee Report on
  SWM in Class I Cities.
• (I can give reprints in English or a Hindi
  translation).
• The MSW Rules 2000 are largely based on this but
  apply to ALL ULBs ( pop. over 20,000).

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OBJECTIVES OF SWM 1

• Keep waste off streets and drains !
• Achieve a dustbin-free city through
• Daily doorstep collection
• Of Wet waste, for
• Bio-stabilising (compost/vermi)
• Preferably Decentralised, to
• Prevent pollution outside ULBs.

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TRANSPORT SAVINGS EASILY PAY FOR DECENTRALISED
BIO-BINS TO BIOCULTURE-TREAT WET WASTES

• Replace open waste-points or dumper-placers or
• street dustbins with covered bio-bins. Can be
• paid for by free advertising rights to sponsors.
• Kochi has 2 bio-bins of 6x3x2.5 high for every
• 100 households, served by Kudumbashree
  self-help groups professional Waste Business.
• Mumbais ALMs replaced street open dumps or
  dumper-placers with bio-bins and pretty plants.
  Biotreatment services by an NGO.

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OBJECTIVES OF SWM 2

• Separate Collection of Dry Waste (recyclables),
  weekly or fortnightly, preferably by Informal
  Sector. In each Ward, provide a space for daily
  purchase of PET bottles and other recyclables
  cash counter for ragpickers.
• Working well in Bombay, Bangalore.
• Also keeps drains clean through dustbin adoption
• and drain adoption by rag-pickers Contact
• Geetanjali Industries at jainj_at_rediffmail.com

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SEPARATE COLLECTION OF INERTS DRAIN SILT, ROAD
DIGGINGS DUST, DEBRIS CONSTRUCTION WASTE

• USE productively for plinth filling,
• Improving road shoulders, embankments.
• Hillside gully-plugging and check-dams to prevent
  mud runoff into town drains.
• Ravine-filling is safe and nuisance-free.
• Reward informants of night-dumping.
• Make architects accountable for disposal.

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OBJECTIVES OF SWM 3

• NO BURNING of garbage or leaves.
• NO PESTICIDE USE on garbage (S.Court
• Order 28.7.1997 in WP 888/96).
• Try Bio-cultures to control odour and flies.
• Phenyle etc kills natural bio-degraders.
• Separate collection of garden waste,
• (compost locally), tree trimmings (for
• local fuelwood use) dairy wastes (use as
  bioculture for waste stabilising).

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HARDWARE REQUIRED

• SMALL TOWNS Tractor-trailers for direct
• door-to-door pick-up (e.g. Suryapet) but
• TWIN COMPARTMENTS A MUST, if Wet
• Dry wastes are collected at the same time.
• MEDIUM TOWNS Tipper trucks stop along roads
  (e.g. Nasik) to receive waste directly from homes
  shops for onward transport to compost plant.

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HARDWARE FOR LARGE CITIES

• Door-to-door Primary Collection in handcarts,
• tricycles or autorickshaws (e.g. Cochin), all
  with liftable buckets/bins. Push-frames with
  second-hand barrels are cheaper than
  wheelbarrows.
• Dumper placers are least preferred option
  Invites filth all around, covers missing.
• Attracts cows, dogs, street waste-picking/spills.
  
• Corpus Fund is a MUST for their costly repair and
  replacement. (Paint inside bottoms with molten
  tar for corrosion resistance). Ditto for Street
  Sweeping machines, or system collapses.

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MICRO-PLANNING REQUIRED

• Wardwise Parking Spaces for tools Primary
  Collection vehicles.
• GOOD Scheduling Time Managemt
• for unloading Primary Collection vehicles
• directly into secondary transport, to
• avoid unloading any waste onto any
• public space even briefly.

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

• DAILY Reporting, DAILY Analysis and
• DAILY CORRECTIVE ACTION on
• SKs on duty
• Vehicles on road, number time of trips
• Waste quantity collected, areawise. Paymt by
  weight invites mixing of heavy inerts, stones.
  Payment by volume is far better, saves cost.
• When Where Unloaded on-site staff a must !
• Chennai Vizag are good models for MIS

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MODEL NOTIFICATIONS under MSW Rules Sch II (3)

• MERA AANGAN SAAF for flood control through
  spotless drains
• Every ground-floor occupier/owner (esp. in
  commercial areas) must ensure cleanliness of
  drain adjoining their property, including upto
  centre of road. Also service lanes if any.
• Polluter Pays charges for all Trade waste
• (hotels, hostels, shaadi baghs, shops, offices,
• banks, colleges, dairies) at SWM Cost (Indexed)

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KEEP CONSTRUCTION WASTE OFF THE ROADS

• Notify monthly collection drives e.g. Ward 1
  every 1st of the month
• Collect SEPARATELY surplus Sand, Stone, Bricks
  found on roads on that date without special
  permission, and stock for repair of schools etc.
• Sand must always be contained in a ring of bricks
• to prevent vehicles spreading / spilling it into
  drains.
• All raw mtl must be INSIDE plot after first
  centering is removed, otherwise daily cleaning
  charges.

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TAKE-BACK RULES FOR HAZ WASTE

• Tubelights and fluorescents are worst. Sellers
  must take back for safe disposal. Also for those
  purchased for streetlights.
• Compulsory take-back by sellers or distributors
  of aerosol cans, esp of insecticides and
  pesticides.
• How can cities exercise such powers?

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MONTHLY COLLECTION OF DOMESTIC HAZARDOUS
WASTES

• Notify fixed day of month for pickup of Button
  Cells from shops for cameras, cell-phones,
  electricals, watches.
• Batteries drop-off at convenient stores. If no
  safe recycling, can immobilise in concrete
  block-making plants.
• Enforce Biomed Rules. Collect Sharps from
  clinics on notified schedule.

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NOTIFY ENFORCE BUFFER ZONE AROUND WASTE
PROCESSING SITES

• Approved sites are precious as resistance to
  sites outside city limits is very strong.
• Involve locals in an Advisory Committee from Day
  One and keep them informed.
• Host Village MUST BENEFIT collectively give
  roads, buses, more power or water,
  school/hospital transit toll per garbage truck?
• Give 1 ton free compost per head per year or
  season to ensure good quality is produced without
  objections. REMOVE REJECTS !!

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NO WASTE TO ENERGY SCHEMES !

• SAARCs Dhaka Declaration 2004 has resolved that
  burn technologies shall not be an option for
  urban solid waste.
• Supreme Court has frozen further funding for WTE
  in view of massive failures.
• Only SMALL biometh use on-site succeeds.
• Rajasthan needs to conserve ALL of its precious
  biomass thru Stabilisation.

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WHY NO RDF WASTE-TO-ENERGY ?

• UNVIABLE Our Indian waste has only 800-1000
  kcal/kg, vs 3600 reqd. Energy is lost in
  evaporating moisture, heating large ash sand
  content, so no surplus energy available.
• So Hyd Vijayawada use 90 paddy-husk,
• while municipal waste, accepted to get subsidy,
• piles up in stinking heaps around both plants.
• DANGEROUS RDF from mixed Indian waste
• produces Dioxin on burning from PVC in film,
• packaging, labels, bottle caps, vinyl, tubes.

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WHAT ABOUT BIOMETHANATION?

• IMPOSSIBLE WITH HIGH INERTS. Cant run a
  gobar-gas plant on 45 mud ! Never consider
  unless a city has 12-month record of separate
  collection and max 5-10 drain silt, road
  sweepings.
• SUCCESSFUL ON MICRO SCALE where biogas from
  canteen waste is used on-site in kitchen, not for
  power (max 30 efficiency of converting heat to
  power).

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COMPOSTING SAVES ENERGY TOO

• Urea production needs both costly naptha and
  factory power to produce it.
• City compost use can save 50 of normal urea
  dose, and gives 15 higher yield with 30 less
  water need and less pesticides. But demand is v
  seasonal.
• Biological processing for stabilisation of
  biodegradable wastes is mandatory.
• Sieving it to sell as compost is not a must.

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BIOSTABILISED URBAN WASTE CAN WORK WONDERS
FOR RAJASTHAN

• Use it to vegetate stabilise moving sand-dunes,
  for wind-breaks and erosion control, and
  mandatory revegetation of mining spoils.
• Improve fertility productivity of sandy soil.
• Retain soil moisture and reduce irrigation water
  needs and fights over water.
• Let Indias most popular Tourist State become
  also Indias first Model State for cleanliness.

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DO NOT WAIT FOR PERFECT SOLUTIONS!

• STOP landfilling of mixed waste at once!
• Stop dozing levelling untreated wastes.
• In the same spot, unload waste in rows, use JCB
  to form wind-rows (long heaps) and spray with
  composting bio-cultures or inoculums. This
  reduces volume fast, controls odour and flies,
  and offensive leachate formation.
• Heap gets very warm, this kills pathogens.

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IMPROVE EXISTING DUMPS/LANDFILLS

• The idea is to keep rainwater out and prevent it
  percolating through waste.
• Shape the area into a smooth convex pile with
  very gentle slope. No depressions where water can
  collect and seep in.
• On sloping ground, have a diversion trench uphill
  (like army tents) to keep out water.
• On lower side, have a collection trench and pit
  to collect runoff. RECIRCULATE LEACHATE onto the
  warm heap, to get clean water vapour. Solids are
  left behind in the stabilised waste.