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Art: Culture, and Values Chapter One

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Chapter One Prehistoric Mesopotamian Egyptian Aegean Prehistoric Art 100,000 10,000 BC 100,000 BC First Ritual Burying of the Dead 28,000 23,000 BC ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Art: Culture, and Values Chapter One


1
Art Culture, and Values Chapter One
  • Prehistoric
  • Mesopotamian
  • Egyptian
  • Aegean

2
Prehistoric Art100,000 10,000 BC
  • 100,000 BC First Ritual Burying of the Dead
  • 28,000 23,000 BC Venus of Willendorf
  • 15,000 10,000 Cave Paintings of Lascaux

3
Woman of Willendorf
4
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5
Cave Paintings of Lascaux
  • The interior of the underground caverns evokes a
    sense of ritual and sacred space

6
  • The human dimension is the ultimate measure of
    the experience of art

7
ART Creative Human Expression
  • Keen Observation
  • Technical Skill
  • Personal Interpretation
  • Historical/Cultural Context
  • Universal Meaning

8
Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Aegean Timeline
  • c. 3100 B.C. - Development of hieroglyphic
    writing
  • 2700-2250 B.C. - Old Kingdom development of
    mummification ritual
  • c. 2700 B.C. - Reign of Gilgamesh
  • 2650-2514 B.C. - Great Pyramids and Sphinx built
    at Giza
  • 2100-2000 B.C. - Construction of ziggurat at Ur
  • 2000 B.C. - Earliest version of The Epic of
    Gilgamesh
  • C. 1792-1750 B.C. - The Law Code of Hammurabi
  • 1400 B.C. - Fall of Knossos and decline of Minoan
    civilization
  • c. 1361-1352 B.C. - Reign of Tutankhamen
  • 1298-1231 B.C. - Reign of Ramses II colossal
    buildings constructed at Luxor, Karnak, Abu
    Simbel
  • 1250 B.C. Mycenaean war against Troy

9
Ancient Mesopotamian Art
  • Unlike their southern neighbors, the
    Mesopotamian area was in conflict between warring
    nations very frequently.   This area also
    required much more maintenance of their
    agriculture systems.  Because of these and other
    factors, this area had a more limited development
    of art as compared to Egypt.

Standard of Ur, c. 2700 B.C.
10
  • The Standard of Ur is one of the most exquisite
    and informative Sumerian pieces of art that has
    been discovered. It was found in a 4,500-year-old
    grave in the city of Ur. The Standard consists of
    six 18-inch-wide wooden panels inlaid with shells
    and lapis lazuli. The panels include scenes of
    Sumerians from all social classes at war and at a
    royal banquet.
  • The Standard of Ur illustrates a conceptual
    rather than a naturalistic approach to
    description.

11
  • Important Sumerian developments include  1. The
    concept of a city state was developed by the
    Sumerians  2. Writing was developed by the
    Sumerians - Cuneiform characters on clay tablets 
    3. One of the most important cultural
    developments of this period is the concept of the
    powerful god communicating their desires to
    humanity through the medium of a powerful priest
    class or autocratic ruler who serves as the
    intermediary.  - Theocracy govt. of the
    gods/priest class  - ruler may be divine
    himself, or chosen by the god/gods  - each city
    had it's own gods  This system centralizes power
    in the hands of a small group of people and gives
    political decisions a religious authority

12
Scenes of Civilized Life
  • Harpist Iraq,Old Babylonian Period, ca.
    2000-1600 B.C.
  • Cast Clay Relief
  • Clay plaques from this period depict musicians
    playing a variety of stringed, percussion, and
    wind instruments.

13
Scenes of Religious Figures and Commemorations of
War
  • Iraq Akkadian Period, ca. 2254-2193 B.C. Black
    stone
  • This cylinder seal was dedicated to a
    little-known goddess, Ninishkun, who is shown
    interceding on the owner's behalf with the great
    goddess Ishtar. Ishtar places her right foot upon
    a roaring lion, which she restrains with a leash.
    The scimitar in her left hand and the weapons
    sprouting from her winged shoulders indicate her
    war-like nature.

14
  • Ziggurat of Ur  c. 2100 B.C.
  • The Ziggurat of Ur was built by the king
    Ur-Nammu. It is an impressive imposing structure.
    Imagine the power of a leader speaking from high
    on the side of this symbolic mountain of the god

15
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16
Iconic vs. Natural Imagery
  • Iraq Babylon, Processional Avenue north of the
    Ishtar Gate Neo-Babylonian Period Reign of
    Nebuchadnezzar II, ca. 604-562 B.C. Molded brick
    with polychrome glaze.

17
Ancient Egyptian Art
  • Ancient Egypt is perhaps the most facinating of
    the ancient civilizations. Even the Ancient
    Greeks thought themselves to be a young and
    inexperienced society compared to the Egyptians.
    Indeed, the Ancient Egyptian civilization was one
    of the longest in the west, beginning in
    approximately 3000 B.C., and lasting until nearly
    300 B.C. What is amazing about the Egyptian's
    culture is not their rapid growth and
    development, but their ability to preserve the
    past and prevail with relatively little change.
    For example, today in the United States we
    drastically change the style of our clothing each
    decade, while Egypitan dress did not vary over
    the thousands of years. Theirs was a civilization
    where the past lived in the present.

18
Rules of Representation Style
  • Frontalism
  • In Sculpture, the entire presentation is to be
    viewed from the front.
  • In 2-dimensional work, the head of the character
    is always drawn in profile, while the body is
    seen from the front. Although the face is to the
    side, the eye is drawn in full. The legs are
    turned to the same side as the head, with one
    foot placed in front of the other. The head is at
    right angles to the body. Every figure, in
    paintings or sculptures, stands or sits with a
    formal, stiff, and rigid posture. The stance of
    the body is severe, but the faces are calm and
    serene.

19
Nobleman, Old Kingdom (frontal style)
20
MEMPHITE FAMILY OF NEFER-HERENPTAH Old
Kingdom 5th Dynasty Painted Limestone
  • Eternalizes the Ancient Egyptian family in it's
    most simple and pure form.
  • This nuclear family is meant to reunite in the
    afterlife.

21
Monumental Scale
  • The Great Pyramids of Giza Old Kingdom 2589
    2566 BC
  • The Sphinx at Giza Old Kingdom - 2555-2532 B.C.

22
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23
  • KAEMHESET
  • Old Kingdom, 5th Dynasty
  • Painted Limestone
  • the statue of the chief of sculptors and royal
    architect Kaemheset represents perfectly the "
    comme il faut " (according with custom or
    propriety) aesthetic and artistic conventions of
    the Fifth Dynasty

24
Middle Kingdom 1990 1790 B.C.
  • Political divisions
  • Increasing anxiety
  • Uncertainty
  • Sense of Civil Unrest
  • Loosening of Rules of Representation
  • Naturalistic tendencies

Seated Statue of Sesostris III
25
- The New Kingdom 1570 -1185 - Akhenaton 1364
1387
  • 1364 1387 Reigh of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton)
    religious and political reform monotheism,
    worship of single god Aton
  • Revolutionary figure

26
King Akhenaton and Queen Nefertiti
27
Tutankhamen
  • Reign of Tutankhamen 1361 1352
  • Return to Conservatism
  • The Boy King
  • Return of Egyptian Conservatism and Strict Rules
    of Representation

28
Ramses II 1298 1232 B.C.
  • Colossal Building
  • Warfare with Mesopotamia
  • End of Egypts Imperial Power

29
The Ancient Aegean World6,000 B.C. through 600
B.C.
  • 6000 Introduction of new agricultural
    techniques from the East.
  • 2800 2000 Early Minoan Period on Crete
    growth of Cycladic culture.
  • c. 2500 Cycladic Idol
  • 2000 1600 Middle Minoan Period on Crete
    construction of palace complexes development of
    linear writing.
  • 1700 Knossos Palace destroyed (earthquake),
    rebuilt
  • 1600 1400 Late Minoan Period on Crete
  • 1600 First Mycenaean Palace constructed
  • 1600 Snake Goddess, from Knossos 1550 Gold
    Death Mask, Mycenae
  • 1500 Frescos from House of Delta, Thera
  • 1400 Fall of Knossos and decline of Minoan
    Civilization
  • Timeline continues on next slide gt

30
The Ancient Aegean World6,000 B.C. through 600
B.C. (cont.)
  • 1400 1200 Mycenaean Empire florishes
  • 1250 Mycenaean war against Troy
  • 1100 Collapse of Mycenaean Empire
  • 1100 1000 Dark Age
  • 1000 750 Heroic Age
  • 900 700 Evolution of Homeric Epics, Illiad
    and Odyssey.
  • 750 600 Age of Colonization

31
Ancient Cycladic Art 2800 2000 B.C.
  • Naturalism/Stylization

32
Palace of Minos at Knossos
  • 1600 1400 B.C
  • Middle Minoan Period
  • High point of Minoan Culture
  • Interior Frescos
  • Human scale
  • Life-oriented culture

33
SNAKE GODDESS
  • From beneath the shrine in the court Palace of
    King Minos, Knossos
  • 1600-1580 B.C.
  • Mothyer Goddess
  • Source of all life
  • 2 snakes - mysteries of Life
  • Lion atop her head

34
DOLPHIN FRIEZE
QUEEN'S APARTMENT Palace of King Minos, Knossos
c. 1500 B.C.
35
BULL-JUMPING FRESCOFrom the east wing Palace of
King Minos, Knossos c. 1500 B.C
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