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Steven E. Koonin

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Steven E. Koonin. Chief Scientist, BP plc. Clean Tech Investor Summit, Palm Springs ... Current technology status and plausible technical headroom. Budgets for ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Steven E. Koonin


1
Innovating clean technologies at BP
  • Steven E. Koonin
  • Chief Scientist, BP plc
  • Clean Tech Investor Summit, Palm Springs
  • February 6-7, 2008

2
US energy supply since 1850
Source EIA
3
distinguishing aspects of energy technologies
  • Scale
  • Large infrastructure, amounts of material,
    numbers of units
  • Requires large capital, leverage of existing
    infrastructure
  • Longevity
  • Lifetimes of large equipment and/or
    interoperability imply slow changes
  • Ubiquity
  • There are many players with sometimes divergent
    interests
  • Consumers, suppliers, governments, NGOs,
  • Incumbency
  • New energy technologies must compete on cost
  • May not provide any qualitatively new service to
    the end-user

4
evaluating energy technology options
  • Materiality
  • Current technology status and plausible technical
    headroom
  • Budgets for the three Es
  • Economic (cost relative to other options)
  • Energy (output how many times greater than input)
  • Emissions (pollution and CO2 operations and
    capital)
  • Other costs - reliability, intermittency etc.
  • Social and political acceptability
  • Two BP examples
  • 1) Hydrogen Power
  • 2) Energy Biosciences

5
electricity generation shares by fuel - 2004
Source IEA WEO 2006
6
Hydrogen Power Project California
7
Rationale for Hydrogen Power
  • Power demand will grow strongly (and
    disproportionately)
  • Absent emissions controls, coal will continue to
    be the dominant source of power for some time
  • Abundant reserves, cheap, easy to use, co-located
    with demand
  • Coal is the most emissions-laden of the fossil
    fuels
  • GHG emissions will be priced in the future
  • We can reconcile these two through hydrogen power
  • Nuclear a competitor on cost and scale
  • BP has established a Hydrogen Energy business

8
The challenges of Hydrogen Power
  • Integration and demonstration of above-ground kit
    at scale
  • Integrity of underground storage on a millenial
    scale
  • Depleted reservoirs (with EOR)
  • Saline aquifers
  • Cost reduction through optimization, scale
  • Membranes
  • Legal issues
  • Monitoring criteria, liability
  • Public acceptance
  • Storage
  • Pipelines

9
Its really hard to beat liquid hydrocarbons
Density 1 gm/cm3
10
optimizing biofuels requires fusing the petroleum
and agricultural value chains
  • Cellulose (bugs/ enzymes/ chems)
  • Microbial engineering
  • Plant integration / optimization
  • Co-products
  • Role of gasification
  • Tillage
  • Planting
  • Fertilizer
  • Water
  • Pest control
  • Crop rotation
  • Sustainability
  • Blends
  • Additives
  • Distribution
  • Engine mods
  • Species
  • Yield / Morphology / Development
  • Chemistry
  • Unnatural products
  • Stress tolerance
  • / Bio-overhead
  • Safety
  • Optimal catchment
  • In-field processing (e.g., pelletizing)
  • Transport energetics
  • Storage
  • Waste utilization

11
the rationale for Energy Biosciences is simple
and compelling
  • Biology is the most rapidly developing of the
    sciences
  • Novel technologies emerge from rapidly developing
    science
  • Biology will generate disruptive technologies
  • 90 of the worlds primary energy is based upon
    carbon
  • All of life is based upon carbon (and 3.5 billion
    years of evolution)
  • There are likely to be great synergies
  • Major funding and applications of biotech are
    biomedical
  • There have been far smaller investments in
    agriculture, materials, chemicals
  • Energy bioscience is largely open territory
  • Biofuels, enhanced oil recovery, conversion,
    sequestration

12
BP Energy Biosciences Institute to pursue these
opportunities
  • Dedicated research organization to explore
    application of biology and biotechnology to
    energy issues
  • Sited at a University of California Berkeley,
    University of Illinois Urbana-Champagne, and
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  • Open basic and proprietary applied research
  • Initial focus on the entire biofuels production
    chain
  • Smaller programmes in Oil Recovery, hydrocarbon
    conversion, carbon sequestration
  • Involvement of BP, academia, biotechnology firms,
    government
  • 500M, 10-year commitment operations began
    November, 2007

13
Questions/Comments/Discussion
Energy Trends and Technologies Video at
http//clients.mediaondemand.net/BP/
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