The Height of Imperialism

1
The Height of Imperialism

• Southeast Asia
• Africa
• India
• Latin America

2
Introduction to Imperialism

• What is New Imperialism?
• How is it different?
• What are the goals of Imperialism?
• Social Darwinism/Racism
• White Mans Burden

3
Colonial Takeover in Southeast Asia

• Great Britain
• Singapore
• Burma
• France
• Vietnam
• Indochina
• Thailand
• United States
• Philippines

4
Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia

• Indirect rule
• Dutch East India Company
• Direct Rule
• Burma
• Colonial Economies
• Imports/exports
• Plantations
• infrastructure

5
Resistance to Colonial Rule

• Resistance by the ruling class
• Burma (Vietnam)
• Peasant Revolts
• Burma- Saya San
• Nationalism

6
Empire Building in Africa

• West Africa
• Intense European rivalries
• Slaves
• Peanuts, timber, hides, palm oil

• North Africa
• Muhammad Ali
• Suez Canal
• Sudan
• Morocco
• Ethiopia

7
Empire Building in Africa

• Central Africa
• Livingston Stanley
• King Leopold II
• East Africa
• German involvement
• Berlin Conference

• South Africa
• 200,000 whites
• Boers (Afrikaners)
• Cecil Rhodes
• Boer War

8
Colonial Rule in Africa

• Indirect rule
• Class/tribal conflict
• Maintained local traditions
• Direct Rule
• French
• Assimilation

9
Rise of African Nationalism

• Western educated- admire or resent the West?
• Western hypocrisy
• Segregation/racism
• 20th century- native people began to organize

10
British Rule in India

• Sepoy Mutiny
• Cow and pig fat greased ammo
• Hindu/Muslim rivalries
• Kanpur
• Queen Victoria became Empress of India

11
Colonial Rule in India

• Benefits
• Order and stability
• Honest and efficient government
• School system established (but only for upper
  class)
• Railroads, telegraph, postal service
• Costs
• Destroyed local industries
• Farmers switched from food to cotton production
• Treated as inferior
• Disrespect shown for Indias cultural heritage

12
Indian Nationalist Movement

• Began with upper-class educated
• Indian National Congress- share in governing
• Mohandas Gandhi- nonviolent resistance

13
Colonial Indian Culture

• British colleges opened in India
• Publishing companies
• Rabindranath Tagore
• Writer, poet, social reformer, spiritual leader,
  educator, philosopher, singer, painter
• Set up an international university
• Promoted pride in national Indian consciousness

14
Nation Building in Latin America

• Creoles- had some power, but were second-class
  citizens
• Peninsulares- held all the important positions
• Mestizos- servants or laborers
• Napoleons defeat of Spain weakened colonial
  control
• Haitian Revolt

15
Revolt in Mexico

• Miguel Hidalgo
• Organized local Native Americans and mestizos to
  free themselves from the Spanish
• Force was defeated and Hidalgo executed
• Creoles and peninsulares joined in the revolt
• Independence in 1822

16
Revolts in South America

• Jose de San Martin- Argentina
• Spaniards must be removed from South America
• Led a surprise attack over the Andes into Chile

• Simon Bolivar- Venezuela
• Led struggle for independence in Venezuela, New
  Grenada (Columbia), and Ecuador

• Monroe Doctrine- guaranteed the independence of
  any new Latin American country and warned against
  any European intervention in the Americas

17
Difficulties of Nation Building

• Rule of the Caudillos
• Santa Anna
• Texas
• Mexican War
• Benito Juarez
• Separation of church and state
• Land distribution
• Educational system
• Economic Imperialism
• Persistent Inequality

18
Political Change in Latin America

• United States in Latin America
• Spanish War
• Puerto Rico/Cuba
• Panama
• American investments- forces sent to Cuba,
  Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama,
  Columbia, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic

19
Revolution in Mexico

• Porfirio Diaz- ruled Mexico
• Wages declined
• 95 owned no land
• Diaz forced from power
• Emiliano Zepata- led a revolt against the wealthy
  landowners
• 1917- new constitution

20
Economic Change in Latin America

• Prosperity from exporting
• Argentina- wheat and beef
• Brazil- coffee
• Central America- coffee and bananas
• Peru- sugar and silver
• Began to build their own factories