Old versus New Imperialism

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Old versus New Imperialism
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Old Imperialism versus New Imperialism

• Under Old Imperialism, European powers did not
  usually acquire territory (except for Spain in
  Americas and Portugal in Brazil) but rather built
  a series of trading stations
• Respected and frequently cooperated with local
  rulers in India, China, Japan, Indonesia, and
  other areas where trade flourished between locals
  and European coastal trading centers.
• the New Imperialism tended to favour direct
  conquest and formal empire
• Africa and Asia had seen limited Euro. intrusion
  and most contacts had been coastal in
  natureentire continents now came under Euro.
  influence

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Old Imperialism
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OLD IMPERIALISM

• 1500s-1700s
• England, France, Holland, Portugal, and Spain
• Wars over colonies

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Pre-19c European Trade with Africa
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Life Under Old Imperialism

• In the mid-1800s before European domination
  African peoples were divided into hundreds of
  ethnic and linguistic groups.
• Europeans had contact with sub-Saharan peoples,
  but large African armies kept Europeans out of
  Africa for 400 years.
• European travel was hindered by difficult rivers
  and African diseases like malaria.
• Nations Compete for Overseas Empires
• Europeans who did penetrate the interior of
  Africa were explorers, missionaries, or
  humanitarians who opposed the slave trade.
• Travel books, newspapers, and magazines
  encouraged interest in Africa

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INTERLUDE LATE 1700s-LATE 1800sLife Under Old
Imperialism

• Europeans were preoccupied with happenings on the
  European continent and in the existing European
  colonies.
• American Revolution
• French Revolution
• Napoleonic Wars
• Latin American Wars for Independence
• Growth of Nationalism
• Industrial Revolution

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New Imperialism
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NEW IMPERIALISM

• Beginning circa 1875
• Renewed race for colonies
• Spurred by needs created by the Industrial
  Revolution
• New markets for finished goods
• New sources of raw materials
• Nationalism
• Colonies economic and political power
• Social Darwinism racist justification

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WHAT IS NEW IMPERIALISM?

• No longer about setting up colonies or exercising
  direct control over areas
• Became largely economic
• Possession or control of an area for economic
  gain
• Spheres of influence and extraterritoriality
  rather than colonial settlement

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Why New Imperialism?

• Strong country controls a weaker country,
  economically, politically, or socially
• Why?
• Explain motives for imperial control of US and
  Europeans
• Rush for raw materials
• Rush for luxuries (diamonds, gold, silver,
  jewels)
• Desire to create new markets (buyers)
• Nationalist rivalry
• Cheaper travel (steam ships railroads)
• European/American racism
• Missionary desire

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EuropeanNationalism
Source for Raw Materials
MissionaryActivity
Industrial Revolution
European Motives For New Imperialism
Markets forFinishedGoods
Military NavalBases
SocialDarwinism
Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul.
EuropeanRacism
HumanitarianReasons
Soc. Eco.Opportunities
WhiteMansBurden
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New Imperialism

• The years between 1870 and 1914 were the height
  of the age of imperialism.
• Imperialism domination of one country by
  another.
• Major players France, Great Britain, U.S. Japan,
  Germany, and Belgium.
• Motives Nationalism, Economics, Culture, and
  Spreading Religion.

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Cause Excitement and Dangers of
Exploration---The Thrill
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Excitement and Adventure

• The exploratory motives were based on the desire
  to explore the unknown or uncharted territories.
• They wanted to conduct scientific research.
• They wanted to conduct medical searches for the
  causes and treatments of disease.
• They wanted to go on an adventure and investigate
  the unknown lands and cultures aka like Indiana
  Jones.

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Examples of Excitement and Sense of Adventure to
Explore
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Excitement and Dangers of Exploration
DoctorLivingstone,I Presume?
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Dr. David Livingstone
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DAVID LIVINGSTONE (1813-1873)

• Scottish missionary
• 1841-1873 lived in central Africa
• Explored Africa
• Named Lake Victoria after the British queen
• Converted many Africans to Christianity
• Wrote books on Africa which piqued foreign
  interest
• 1871 reported lost
• Found by Henry Stanley
• Dr. Livingstone, I presume?

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Stanley and Livingstone

• The New York Herald hired Henry Stanley to travel
  to Africa to find Livingstone.
• Stanley was given an unlimited amount of money
  for this expedition.
• When Stanley found Dr. Livingstone he is reported
  to have said this famous greeting, Dr.
  Livingstone, I presume?, which made headlines
  around the world.

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HENRY STANLEY (1841-1904)

• Welsh-American reporter
• Found Dr. Livingstone in Africa
• Dr. Livingstone, I presume?
• Explored Africa
• Congo River
• Lake Tanganyika
• Lake Victoria
• Worked with Belgiums King Leopold II and his
  African colonization company
• International African Society

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European Explorations in mid-19cThe Scramble
for Africa
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What is the Source of the Nile?
Sir Richard Burton
John Speke
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KARL PETERS (1856-1918)

• German explorer in Africa
• Organized and propagandized for Germanys
  colonial expansion
• Founded the Society for German Colonization
• Acquired German East Africa (modern-day Tanzania)
• Convinced Otto von Bismarck to take over German
  East Africa and increase Germanys colonies in
  Africa

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CECIL RHODES (1853-1902)

• British businessman and politician in southern
  Africa
• Made a fortune from African diamond mines
• Established South African Company
• Land later became Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
• Prime minister of Cape Colony (1890-1896)
• Wanted British control over South Africa
• Wanted Cape-to-Cairo Railroad
• Architect of British imperialism in southern
  Africa
• Great Britain became leading colonial power in
  southern Africa

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Pair-Share Activity

• 1. How is Cecil Rhodes dressed? What items is
  he carrying?
• 2. What is he standing on?
• 3. Based on the picture, how do you think Cecil
  Rhodes viewed the continent of Africa?
• 4. How does it tie into the motive of
  exploration?

• The Rhodes Colossus Striding From Cape Town to
  Cairo

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Cause Industrial Revolution and New Technology

• Definitions and Key Characteristics

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Technology

• New medicine
• New weapons
• Transportation

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• New Technologies
• Advances in technology gave Europeans huge
  military advantage
• Steam-powered gunboats could attack even inland
  targets
• Repeating rifles, machine guns, exploding shells
  made European armies more lethal than ever
• Asian, African weapon makers could not match
  technologies

• Weakening Empire
• Great empires of Asia, Africa weakening
  Europeans took advantage
• Indias Mughal Empire took deep decline after
  1707
• Ottoman Empire lost strength, had weak grasp on
  North African provinces throughout 1700s
• Chinas Qing dynasty faced rebellions by late
  1700s European armies faced limited resistance as
  they claimed new territories

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Examples
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New Technology

• 1787 Steam engine in boats
• 1804 Steam engine in locomotives
• 1820 Quinine from cinchona tree bark
• 1837 Electric telegraph
• 1855 Bessemer process making steel

• A more constant and forceful source of power than
  sails or horses powered ships and railroads
• Treatment for malaria
• Communication over long distances
• Quicker and cheaper method for making steel that
  is lighter and more durable than iron

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New Technology

• 1884 Maxim Gun
• Late 1800s Repeating Rifle

• First machine gun---military more lethal and
  faster
• A faster loading gun that was able to fire
  multiple shots more accurately than older muskets

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Communications Technologies

• Oceangoing steamships reduced the time required
  for imperial capitals to deliver messages to
  colonial lands
• In the 1850s engineers began developing submarine
  telegraph cables to carry messages through oceans
• By 1902, cables linked all parts of the British
  Empire throughout the world

Insignia of the British Indian Submarine
Telegraph Company
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Pair-Share Activity

• How does the following political cartoon
  illustrate that Britain was the first to
  industrialize and imperialize?
• Is the political cartoon in support or against
  British imperialism? Explain.

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England was the first to industrialize and one of
the first European nations to create a colonial
empire. When the rest of Europe and the U.S.
began to industrialize, they started to look for
places to colonize as well. Thus began a race to
take over the world.
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Cause Economic Reasons

• Definitions and Key Characteristics

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Economic Reasons

• Need for markets
• Raw materials
• Source of investments

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Economic Interests
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Main Cause of African Imperialism

• Economic Motives
• European factories need raw materials to run.
• (Coal / Iron Ore / Oil / Cotton / Rubber)
• These raw materials are found in Africa.
• Strategic Motives
• Offers port cities between Europe and Asia

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Economic Motives

• Overseas colonies could serve as reliable sources
  of raw materials not available in Europe that
  came in demand because of industrialization
• Rubber in the Congo River basin and Malaya
• Tin in southeast Asia
• Copper in central Africa
• Oil in southwest Asia

Rubber trees in Malaya
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Economic Motivations

• European countries did not invest primarily in
  colonies
• --Only 10 of French investments in their
  coloniesonly 5 for the Germans
• Trade followed the same pattern
• --Only 25 of British Trade with its
  coloniesonly 11 for the French and .4 for the
  Germans
• European countries did the greatest volume of
  business with each other
• Most important economic motivation raw materials
• Economics was thus an illusory stimulus

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Economic Motivations for Imperialistic
Enthusiasm

• Belief that new markets must be found to prevent
  financial downturns
• --revived mercantilism
• Source of Raw Materials
• Target for Excess Capital
• Economic Benefits of Imperialism were far less
  beneficial than assumed

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ECONOMIC MOTIVES

• Markets for finished goods
• Products of British Industrial Revolution sold in
  China and India
• Sources of raw materials
• Egypt cotton
• Malaya rubber and tin
• Middle East oil
• Capital investments
• Profits from Industrial Revolution invested in
  mines, railroads, etc., in unindustrialized areas

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Examples
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Economic Motives Natural Resources

• Angola cotton, palm oil, coffee, and sugar
• Used for fabrics, soap, candles, food products,
  and food processing
• Congo Free State rubber, palm oil and ivory
• Used for waterproof clothes, tires, electrical
  insulation, soap, candles, some food products,
  handles, piano keys, and billiard balls

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Economic Motives Natural Resources

• French West Africa gum, palm oil, cotton,
  peanuts, bananas, coffee, and cocoa
• Used for cosmetics, drugs, food products, soap,
  candles, some food products, fabrics, and food
  processing
• Rhodesia copper, zinc, lead, and coal
• Used for coins, metal alloys, electrical wiring,
  rust protection, ammunition, and fuel

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Economic Motives Natural Resources

• South Africa gold and diamonds
• Used for banking, national currencies, jewelry,
  industrial cutting tools
• Tanganyika sisal, coffee, rubber and cotton
• Used for rope, twine, food preserving, waterproof
  clothes, tires, electrical insulation, and
  fabrics

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New Markets

• Bananas, oranges, melons, and other exotic fruits
  made their way to European markets
• People in Paris, London, and Berlin drank
  colonial tea, coffee, and cocoa
• They washed themselves with soap made form
  African palm oil
• The colonies also provided new markets for the
  factories finished products
• Tools, weapons, and clothing flowed out of the
  factories and back to the colonies

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Economic Motive Strike It Rich

• Many saw emigration as a chance to strike it rich
  or make a name for themselves
• Cecil Rhodes, a British adventurer, made a
  fortune from gold and diamond mining in Southern
  Africa
• Rhodes went on to found a colony that bore his
  name Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)

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Cecil Rhodes An Example

• Went to South Africa in 1871 and by 1889 he
  controlled 90 of the worlds diamond production
• Also gained a healthy stake in the gold market
• Served as prime minister of the British Cape
  Colony from 1890-1896 and saw the Cape Colony as
  a base of operations for the extension of British
  control to all of Africa

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Pair-Share Activity

• Carlton J.H. Hayes wrote in Bases of a New
  National Imperialism
• A favorite explanation of why European
  imperialism turned abruptly has been the
  economicCotton grew better in EgyptRubber could
  be gotten from the CongoCopra, with its useful
  oil , was to be had in the South Seas islandsTin
  was essentialSugar cane and coffee, cocoa and
  tea, bananas and dates were very palatable to the
  enlarging European multitude.

• 1. How does this quote support the Economic
  motives of Imperialism?

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Pair-Share Activity

• J.A. Hobson, a British scholar wrote
• The period of imperialism has witnessed many
  wars. Most of these wars have been caused by
  attacks of white races upon so-called lower
  races. They have resulted in the taking of
  territory by force.The white rulers of the
  colonies live at the expense of the natives.
  Their chief work is to organize labor for their
  support. In the typical colony, the most fertile
  lands and the mineral resources are owned by
  white foreigners. These holdings are worked by
  natives under their direction. The foreigners
  take wealth out of the country. All the hard
  work is done by the natives.

• 1. According to this source, why were Europeans
  eager to colonize?
• 2. How does this tie in to the economic motives
  for Imperialism?

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Pair-Share Activity

• Cecil Rhodes was a famous British imperialist
• We must find new lands from which we can easily
  obtain raw materials and at the same time exploit
  the cheap slave labor that is available from the
  natives of the colonies. The colonies would also
  provide a dumping ground for the surplus goods
  produced in our factories.
• 1. How does this quote support the economic
  motives?

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Cause Political, Militarism, and Nationalism

• Definitions and Key Characteristics

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Military and Political Reasons

• Need for military bases
• National security
• Source of pride
• Rise in nationalism

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• Political Competition
• Imperialism in Africa reflected struggles for
  power in Europe, such as long-term rivalry
  between France, Britain
• France expanded control over West, Central
  Africa Britain began to expand colonial empire
  to block French

• Nationalism a Factor
• Rise of Germany, Italy as powers contributed to
  the new imperialism
• Both nations jumped into race for colonization to
  assert status
• Nationalism also contributed to rise of new
  imperialism
• European leaders believed controlling colonies
  would gain them more respect from other leaders

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Nationalism

• Nations believed that others would respect them
  more if they had colonies.
• They saw a chance of gaining bigger armies.
• Since navies were important, they needed places
  to stop and fuel their ships (islands became very
  important).
• Large armies, large navies, fueling stations, and
  competition over colonies would eventually lead
  to war.

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POLITICAL MOTIVES

• Nationalism national pride
• The sun never sets on the British empire.
• Large empires increased national pride
• French acquisitions in Africa and Asia followed
  Frances defeat in the Franco-Prussian War

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Examples
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Pair-Share Activity

• John Ruskin said Will the youths of England,
  make your country again a royal throne of
  kingsfor all the world a source of light, a
  center of peace?...This is what England must
  either do or perish she must found colonies as
  fast and as far as she is able, formed of her
  most energetic and worthiest men-seizing every
  piece of fruitful waste ground she can set her
  foot on, and there teaching these her
  coloniststhat their first aim is to be to
  advance the power of England by land and by sea.
• 1. How does this quote support Nationalism?

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MILITARY MOTIVES

• Bases
• British naval bases
• Aden, Alexandria, Cyprus, Hong Kong, Singapore
• Manpower
• British Indian sepoys
• French north African troops

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Pair-Share Activity

• Freidrich Fabri, Does Germany Need Colonies?
  1879 But should not the German nation who is
  so fundamentally so very capable, so seaworthy,
  so industrially and commercially
  mindedsuccessfully pave the way for this new
  course? It would be wise if we Germans would
  learn about colonial skills from our Anglo-Saxon
  cousins and would begin, in a friendly
  competition, to strive after them. When the
  German Reich centuries ago was at the peak of the
  states in Europe, it was the Number One trade and
  sea power. Should the New German Reich wish to
  prove and maintain its newly won position of
  power for a long time, it will have to take up
  the same culture-mission and delay no longer to
  acknowledge its colonial task anew.
• 1. How does this primary source support the
  Nationalistic Competition between the European
  powers?

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Nationalism

• Colonies needed people that were loyal to the
  imperialist country
• Great Britain, France, and Germany needed
  citizens to run their newly acquired territories
  and keep them productive
• European leaders urged their citizens to move to
  far-off colonies
• In the 1840s thousands of French citizens sailed
  to Algeria where they started farms and estates
  on lands seized from local Algerian farmers

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Pair-Share Activity

• Cecil Rhodes I think what God would like me to
  do is paint as much of Africa British Red as
  possible.
• 1. How does this quote represent the motive of
  nationalism?

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Pair-Share Activity

• King Leopold on Competition Primary Source
• I dont want to miss the chance of getting us a
  slice of this magnificent African cake.
• 1. How does this quote represent the motive of
  nationalism?

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Pair-Share Activity

• Raymond Aron in The Century of Total War in 1954
  wrote None of the colonial undertakings were
  motivated by the quest for capitalist profits
  they all originated in political ambitionsthe
  nations will to poweror glory or national
  greatness.
• 1. How is this quote an example of the growing
  sense of Nationalism in Europe at that time?

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Cause Racism and Social Darwinism

• Definitions and Key Characteristics

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Cultural Motives Racism and Social Darwinism
In addition to practical matters of economics and
politics, the new imperialism was motivated by
cultural attitudes.
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JUSTIFICATIONS

• Social Darwinism
• Interpreted Darwins evolutionary theory in terms
  of powerful nations
• Only the strong survive
• Powerful nations able to develop areas and
  resources being wasted by native peoples
• Racism
• Increased feelings of white superiority
• Increased feelings of Japanese superiority
• Eugenics developed as a branch of science

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Justification

• Darwin
• Defenders of imperialism often applied Charles
  Darwins theory of natural selection to struggle
  between nations, races
• Darwin argued species more fit for environment
  will survive, reproduce

• Social Darwinism
• Social Darwinism notion stated certain nations,
  races more fit than others
• Social Darwinists believed fit nations came to
  rule over less fit nations, often showed
  discrimination against citizens of ruled nations

• Cecil Rhodes
• Social Darwinism advocate Cecil Rhodes, I
  contend that we are the finest race in the world
  and that the more of the world we inhabit the
  better
• Believed British-built railway would bring
  benefits of civilization to all Africans

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Social Darwinism.

• Proponents saw western science as providing
  material benefits to the world.
• They observed ongoing struggles for territory and
  commerce.
• They regarded conflicts between men as inevitable.

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Social Darwinism

• Soft, gentle, kind and humane groups were apt to
  lose out to more diabolical rivals.
• Man, in the evolutionary process, bred some races
  that were superior to others.
• Survival of the fittest ensured progress for all
  of mankind.

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Social Darwinism

• Social Darwinism was accepted by most white
  westerners.
• Popular non-fiction included the works of Walter
  Baghot, Benjamin Kidd and Charles Dike.
• Popular fiction writers, like Rudyard Kipling
  echoed their views.
• Tabloid newspapers upheld these notions.

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The Social-Darwin Differences

• Western (White Europeans)
• Inventive
• Scientific
• Rational
• Self-Controlled
• Democratic
• Civilized
• Economically Progressive
• Moral Christian
• Independent

• Eastern (Non-whites, Non-European)
• Ignorant
• Irrational
• Superstitious
• Lazy
• Childlike
• Savage
• Dependent

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Examples
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Justification of Imperialism Using Social
Darwinism
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Social Darwinism Key Role of Herbert Spencer

• One of the founders of Social Darwinism was

Spencer coined the terms survival of the
fittest and struggle for survival even before
Darwin published Origin.
If they all people are sufficiently complete to
live, they do live and it is well they should
live. If they are not sufficiently complete, they
die, and it is well they should die. - Herbert
Spencer, Social Statics
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
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King Leopold II of Belgium

• The Congo Free State in Africa A Personal Fief
  for King Leopold II of Belgium (1884-1908)
• Exploitation of colonial possessions
• --The Dutch Culture System

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Pair-Share Activity

• How do each of the following primary sources
  represent the racist and Social Darwinist views
  of the Europeans? Explain.

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The Seeds of Racism?

• Take up the White Mans Burden-
• Send forth the best ye breed-
• Go bind your sons to exile
• To serve your captives need
• To wait in heavy harness,
• In fluttered folk and wild-
• Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
• Half devil and half child.

Imperialism was spawned by nationalism and
industrialization, but it was justified by Social
Darwinism or what I like to call the white
mans superiority complex.
Rudyard Kipling 1865-1936
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The White Mans Burden

• Take up the White Mans Burden
• Send forth the best ye breed
• Go bind your sons to exile
• To serve your captives need
• To wait in heavy harness,
• On fluttered folk and wild
• Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
• Half-devil and half-child.

Rudyard Kipling
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• What do the people carrying the baskets
  symbolize?
• 2. What do the people in the baskets symbolize?
• 3. What are the two men trying to carry their
  baskets to?

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CONCEPT OF RACES CIRCA 1900
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Postcard from the 1900s

• It states "I know you're not particular to a
  fault / Though I'm not sure you'll never be sued
  for assault / You're so fond of women that even a
  wench / Attracts your gross fancy despite her
  strong stench.
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_
  Statesng

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Pears Soap Advertisement

• The copy reads Even if our invasion of the
  Soudan has done nothing else it has at any rate
  left the Arab something to puzzle his fuzzy head
  over for the legend Pears Soap Is The Best
  inscribed in huge white characters of the rock
  which marks the farthest point of our advance
  towards Berber will tax all the wits of the
  dervishes to translate.Phil Robinson, War
  Correspondent
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttps//

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Pears Soap Advertisement

• Consumption of soap is a measure of the wealth,
  civilisation, health and purity of the people.

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Racism Primary Source Quote

• British Professor argued in 1900 The path of
  progress is strewn with the wrecks of nations
  traces are everywhere to be seen of the
  slaughtered remains of inferior races. Yet
  these dead people are, in very truth, the
  stepping stones on which mankind has arisen to
  the higher intellectual and deeper emotional life
  of today.

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Cause Religion and Humanitarianism

• Definitions and Key Characteristics

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RELIGIOUS MOTIVES

• Conversion to Christianity
• End-of-the-century crusading spirit
• Missionaries in Africa, Asia, Hawaii, etc.

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Christianity and Humanitarianism

• Many religious groups both Protestant and
  Catholic went to the colonies to try to bring
  religion to the heathen people.
• Many doctors came as well, and school teachers
  people who wanted to bring health care and
  education to the colonies.
• They helped the sick.
• They built hospitals.
• They started schools.
• They built churches.
• They improved sanitation for better health.

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• Humanitarians and Religious Reasons
• Many humanitarians built schools to educate the
  natives in European ways
• Rudyard Kipling - most influential writer of the
  1890s wrote White Mans Burden
• Catholic and Protestant missionaries competed
  with each other and Islam to gain converts to
  save the natives
• Religious success in Africa conflicted sharply
  with failure in Asia and India

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Civilizing Mission

• Over the decades they set up hundreds of
  Christian missions and preached to thousands of
  Africans and Asians
• The missionaries believed that Christianity and
  Western civilization together would benefit and
  transform the world
• They believed that, in order to become
  civilized, the people of Africa and Asia would
  have to reject their old religions and convert to
  Christianity

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Civilizing MissionChristian Duty

• Believed Europeans had a moral responsibility to
  civilize primitive people
• To some this meant bringing the Christian message
  to the heathen masses
• To others this meant bringing the benefits of
  Western democracy and capitalism to these
  societies

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Examples
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Pair-Share Activity

• David Livingstones Epitaph Brought by
  faithful hands over land and sea, here rests
  David Livingstone, missionary, traveler,
  philanthropist, born March 19, 1813, at Blantyre,
  Lanarkshire, died May 1, 1873, at Chitambos
  village, Ulala. For thirty years, his life was
  spent in an unwearied effort to evangelize the
  native races, to explore the undiscovered
  secrets, to abolish the desolating slave trade of
  Central Africa. Where with his last words he
  wrote, All I can add in my solitude is may
  Heavens rich blessings come down to everyone,
  American, English, or Turk, who will help heal
  the open sore of the world.
• 1. According to the epitaph, what were the
  religious motives for Imperialism?

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Pair-Share Activity

• African Proverb When the whites came to our
  country, we had the land and they had the Bible
  now we have the Bible and they have the land.
• 1. What does this proverb reveal about the
  Africans perception of the Religious
  Humanitarian motive for Imperialism?

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Pair-Share Activity

• 1891 Paul Leroy-Beaulieu wrote It is
  impossible not to consider imperialism as one of
  the tasks imposed on the civilized states for the
  last four centuries, more particularly on our
  age. The present-day world is composed of four
  different categories in terms of types of
  civilizations.
• First is that of Western Civilization---our own
  part.
• Second part is that inhabited by people of a
  different civilization, but organized in compact,
  coherent and stable societies and destined by
  their history and present character to govern
  themselves---the Chinese and Japanese people for
  example.
• In the third part live peoples advanced enough in
  some respects, but ones which have either
  deteriorated or ones that have not be able to...
• Finally, a great part of the word is inhabited by
  barbarian tribes or savages, some given over to
  wars without end and to brutal customs, and
  others knowing so little of the arts and being so
  little accustomed to work and invention that they
  do not know how to exploit their land and its
  natural riches. They live in little groups,
  impoverished and scattered, in enormous
  territories which could nourish vast numbers of
  people with ease.
• This state of the world implies for the civilized
  people a right of intervention...in the affairs
  of the peoples of the last two categories.

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Pair-Share Activity on Beaulieu

• How does Africa fall under the fourth category of
  civilization? Explain.
• Does he view imperialism as necessary? Why or
  why not?

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Civilizing Mission

• White Mans Burden
• Rudyard Kiplings poetry and prose
• Whites morally obligated to bring the blessings
  of civilization to backward peoples
• Cecil Rhodes imperialism is philanthropyplus
  five percent

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Civilizing Mission

• Many people believed it was their obligation as
  the worlds superior race to spread European
  culture to the rest of the world (egocentrism).
• Hygiene.
• Western clothing.
• Western business and products.
• Western governmental practices (voting).

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Pair-Share Activity

• How does the King Leopold quote represent the
  white culture civilizing view of the Europeans?
  Explain.
• Refer to next slide.

108
King Leopold on Civilizing Mission Primary Source

• To open civilization the only part of our globe
  where it has not penetrated, to pierce the
  darkness which envelops whole populations, is a
  crusade, if I may say so, a crusade worthy or
  this century of progress.

109
Pair-Share Activity

• Cecil Rhodes in Confession of Faith in 1877
  wrote I contend that we are the first race in
  the world, and the more we inhabit, the better it
  is for the human raceIt is our duty to seize
  every opportunity of acquiring more territory and
  we should keep this one idea steadily before our
  eyes that more territory simply means more of the
  Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most
  human, most honourable race the world possesses.

• 1. How does this quote represent the Civilizing
  Mission motive?
• 2. How does this quote also represent the Social
  Darwinist motive?
• 3. How might a native African react to this
  statement?

110
Pair-Share Activity

• The following primary sources all deal with the
  Civilizing Mission of the Europeans.
• Identify different examples.

111
An advertisement for Pears Soap uses a racist
message The first step towards lightening is
through teaching the virtues of cleanliness the
advertisement asserts. Pears Soap is a potent
factor in brightening the dark corners of the
earth as civilization advances, while amongst the
cultured of all nations it holds the highest
placeit is the ideal toilet soap.
112

• What does the ad claim is the first step
  towards lightening The White Mans Burden?

• What does this imply?

113

• What does dark corners refer to?

• What does this choice of phrase reveal about
  attitudes of people in Western nations toward
  non-whites?

114

• Describe the illustrations in the corners of the
  picture.

• What might each of these symbolize?

115
English Connection You Read This Book This
Year----Effects Of Imperialism

• For the colonized, the consequences were often
  devastating.
• African societies were often destroyed, as is
  documented by Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe.
• The social effects sometimes still persist

116
(No Transcript)
117
Pair-Share First Part Of Notes

• Turn to your partner.
• You have FIVE minutes to quickly review your
  notes from the reading and powerpoint to revise
  and add to your notes.
• During this time, draw your visuals or write down
  the ideas of the visuals you want to print up
  from the powerpoint and glue there.