Masonry

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Masonry
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• Terms
• F 15-1 -gt 15-5
• Go thru all figures
• Joints between brick ¼ inch

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Brick

• F 15-6
• Go thru sizes for brick
• Compressive strength range 2500psi 22,000psi
• T 15-1 shows mortar strength
• Brisk wall only as strong as weakest part

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Brick

• Pattern bonds
• How bricks are laid
• Running bond only stretcher courses with head
  joints centered over stretchers
• Common bond header course repeated at regular
  intervals usually 5th,6th or 7th course
• Flemish bond alternates stretchers and
  headers in each course headers are centered over
  stretchers
• English bond - alternate courses of headers and
  stretchers
• Stack no interlocking architectural effect
• F 15-7

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Hollow Masonry Walls

• Masonry Cavity Walls
• Two masonry wythes separated by a 2 minimum
  airspace and held together with metal ties
• Advantages over single masonry wall greater
  resistance to moisture penetration, better
  thermal and acoustical insulation, excellent fire
  resistance
• Utility wall made from utility brick, two walls
  with brick used to bond walls together

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Hollow Masonry Walls

• Reinforced Brick Masonry Walls
• Hollow walls are filled with grout and rebar to
  provide strength
• Can be precast
• Provides a strong wall with exterior finish
  uses less concrete

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Bond Beams and Lintels

• Bond Beam
• Continually reinforced horizontal beam of
  concrete or masonry designed to provide
  additional strength and prevent cracking
• Frequently placed in foundations and at roof
  levels
• Lintel short beam of wood, steel, or reinforced
  brick masonry to span opening in masonry wall
• Masonry arch
• F15-11

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Control Joints

• Expansion Joints
• Used to permit differential movement due to
  movement of floor slabs, foundation
• Separate walls into sections with vertical
  expansion joints
• Joints at doors and windows, columns, pilasters,
  wall offsets, cross walls, under shelf anglesin
  multistory buildings
• Control Joint cut into masonry wall to control
  shrinkage cracking

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Control Joints

• Structural bonding
• Flexible ties extending across joint or
  interlocking construction
• F 15-12
• Flashing layers of impervious material
• Used above vertical joints, roof and wall
  junctions, window sills, other projections,
  chimneys
• F15-13

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Concrete Masonry

• Concrete Block
• Concrete Tile
• Solid load bearing concrete block
• Over 75 concrete
• Hollow load bearing concrete block
• Hollow non- load bearing concrete block
• Hollow block at least 25 of core area is empty

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Concrete Masonry

• Either heavy weight or light weight concrete
  blocks
• Blocks can either be laid using mortar or laid
  dry
• If dry use parging to join block together
• F 15-14

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Reinforced Concrete Masonry

• Provides additional strength and prevents
  cracking
• F15-15, 15-16 -gt 18

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Pattern Bond

• Running bond most common
• F 15-20

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Estimating Quantity

• Bricks
• 1. Calculate net surface area of wall
• 2. calculate surface area of 1 brick including
  mortar
• 3. divide wall area by brick area
• 4. multiply by number of wythes in wall
• 5. add an amount for waste

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Estimating Quantity

• Mortar
• Volume per brick (t)(W)(LHt)
• t mortar thickness
• W brick width/depth inches
• L length of bricj inches
• H height of brick inches
• Add 25 waste
• For double wall must add in for mortar in space

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Wind load on Fresh Masonry

• Need to brace fresh wall until mortar has cured
• F 15-24
• Safe unbraced height (Wt of wall / unit of
  surface x wall thickness)/wind force
• T 15-3

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• Mortar
• Must be well mixed
• Must have correct mix of fines and coarse
  material
• Must not be used more than 2.5 hours after
  initial mixing

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• Placing Masonry and Reinforcing
• CMU and brick absorb water
• Should be stored dry
• Should be wetted before use and allowed to
  surface dry
• Joints must be tooled for watertight joints