Last Week of the Quarter

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Last Week of the Quarter

• Collect Homework
• Week Overview
• Double Check Grades
• All Makeup Work Due Tomorrow
• Midterm Friday
• One Last Extra Credit
• Today Marijuana Page 13

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Tobacco Review

• Top 5 Leading COD
• 3 Long / 3 Short Term Effects
• COPD
• Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke
• 3/5 Advertising Techniques
• 2/3 Quick Facts that Count
• 1 Pack/2 Packs Day______
• 3 Things Youd Do w/

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Marijuana
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The Least You Need to Know

• Marijuana
• Psychoactive Chemical
• Chemicals (Carcinogens?)
• Long Term vs. Short Term Effects
• Legal/DUI Potential
• Addictive Potential
• Gateway Drug

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What is Marijuana?

• Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mixture
  of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and
  flowers of the hemp plant.
• You may hear marijuana called by street names
  such as pot,
• herb,
• weed,
• grass,
• More than 200 slang terms
• Psychoactive Chemical THC (3-4000 Chemicals)

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Marijuana Has Changed Drastically

• ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
• Used to smoke the leaves now smoking the bud,
  which is only produced by the female plant and
  have a higher THC content than the leaves
• 60s 70s 0.5-3 THC
• High lasted 45 minutes
• Noticable skewed emotional reactions
• Got the munchies
• Today 6-20 THC
• High lasts 3-6 hours
• Eye-hand coordination affected
• Sense of speed, distance, time

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Is Marijuana a Gateway Drug?
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Is Marijuana Addicting I?

• Yes
• Is everyone addicted.No
• When is someone dependent or addicted to the
  drug?
• Latest treatment data indicate that, in 2002,
  marijuana was the primary drug of abuse in about
  15 percent (289,532) of all admissions to
  treatment facilities in the United States.

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Is Marijuana Addicting II?

• Addiction
• uncontrollable,
• compulsive drug seeking and use,
• even in the face of negative health and social
  consequences.
• This is the crux of how many professional
  organizations all define addiction
• Physiological vs. Psychological?

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Facts That Count

• Marijuana use also has the potential to promote
  cancer of the lungs and other parts of the
  respiratory tract because it contains irritants
  and carcinogens.
• In fact, marijuana smoke contains 50 to 70
  percent more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than does
  tobacco smoke
• THC impairs the immune systems ability to fight
  off infectious diseases and cancer
• Depression(19), anxiety(20), and personality
  disturbances(21) have been associated with
  marijuana use
• In 2002, marijuana was the third most commonly
  abused drug mentioned in drug-related hospital
  emergency department (ED) visits in the
  continental United States

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• Higher burn temperature,
• Inhaled more deeply
• Held in the lungs longer than
  cigarettes
• No filter
• 50-70 More Hydrocarbons

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Effects on the Lungs..

• Someone who smokes marijuana regularly may have
  many of the same respiratory problems that
  tobacco smokers have.
• daily cough and phlegm,
• symptoms of chronic bronchitis,
• and more frequent chest colds.
• Continuing to smoke marijuana can lead to
  abnormal functioning of lung tissue injured or
  destroyed by marijuana smoke.
• amount of tar inhaled by marijuana smokers and
  the level of carbon monoxide absorbed are three
  to five times greater than among tobacco smokers.
  
• inhaling more deeply and holding the smoke in the
  lungs.

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Marijuana's Effects on the Brain

• Cerebellum--Body movement coordination
• Hippocampus--Learning and memory
• Cerebral cortex, especially cingulate, frontal,
  and parietal regions--Higher cognitive functions
• Nucleus accumbens Reward
• Basal ganglia--Movement control

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Drugs and driving may be a bigger problem than
generally recognized. A New England Journal of
Medicine report on drivers without alcohol in
their systems who were stopped by police for
reckless driving found that 45 had marijuana and
25 had cocaine in their systems.
https//www.dupagecase.com/Clerk/allsearch.do

• The images are of various pupil sizes. A 6mm,
  7mm, or 8mm pupil size could indicate that a
  person is under the influence of cocaine, crack,
  meth., hallucinogens, crystal, ecstasy, or other
  stimulant. A 1mm or 2mm pupil size could indicate
  a person under the influence of heroin, opiates,
  or other depressant, (see more examples below).

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Effects on the Heart

• One study has indicated that a users risk of
  heart attack more than quadruples in the first
  hour after smoking marijuana.
• The researchers suggest that such an effect might
  occur from marijuanas effects on blood pressure
  and heart rate and reduced oxygen-carrying
  capacity of blood.

Bachs L, Morland H. Acute cardiovascular
fatalities following cannabis use. Forensic Sci
Int 2001 124 200-203CrossRefMedline.
Mittleman MA, Lewis RA, Maclure M, Sherwood JB,
Muller JE. Triggering myocardial infarction by
marijuana. Circulation 2001 103
2805-2809Abstract/Free Full Text.
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Amotivational Syndrome

• said to be diminished inspiration to participate
  in normal social situations and activities, with
  lapses in apathy caused by an external event,
  situation, substance, relationship, or other
  cause.
• Otherwise put..

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Marijuana Recent Developments

• Decriminalization in Canada
• Different than Legalization
• No prosecution for small amounts
• Medicinal Marijuana
• Raich v. Ashcroft
• State Vs. Federal Government
• Local Control

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Controversial Issue Extra Credit1.Three Reasons
For 2. Three Against 3. Paragraph Reaction

• Should Pregnant Users Be Prosecuted?
• Should Steroids Be Legal?
• Should Marijuana be Legal for Medicinal
  Purposes?
• Should Needle Exchange Programs be Supported?
• Is Prozac Over-prescribed?
• Is DARE Effective?
• Are Anti-media Campaigns Effective?
• Should Drugs Be Legalized?

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Effects of Tobacco/Marijuana
Tobacco Both
Marijuana --problems with memory
Change in Brain chemistry --Lung
Damage and learning --distorted perception

Lower Testosterone/Sperm Count --difficulty in
thinking and problem solving --loss of
coordination --and increased heart rate.
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MarijuanaShort Term vs.
Long Term Effects

• HR and pulse rate
• Cardiac arrhythmia
• Difficulty in breathing
• Panic attacks / Anxiety
• Dry throat, mouth, lips
• Drowsiness/Sleepiness
• Bloodshot eyes
• Hallucination /Paranoia
• Decrease in memory, reflexes and coordination
• Alters perception on time
• Increased hunger (munchies)

• Addiction?
• Anxiety
• Amotivational Syndrome
• Burnout
• Risk of Lung Cancer, Bronchitis, and Emphysema
• Memory Loss
• Damage to Immune System
• Infertility
• Heart and lung damage
• Hormonal imbalances
• Low blood pressure

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Did You Know

• Americans drink the equivalent of 500 million
  gallons of pure alcohol each year. (Statistic
  from Prevention's Giant Book of Health Facts,
  1991.)
• Alcohol consumption by college students is linked
  to at least 1,400 student deaths and 500,000
  unintentional injuries each year. (Statistic from
  the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
  Addiction, Alcohol Alert, 581-4, 2002.)
• In 2002, 17,419 people in the United States died
  in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes,
  accounting for 41 of all traffic-related deaths
  (NHTSA, 2003).

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Did You Know Cont

• In 1997, about 40 of all crimes (violent and
  non-violent) were committed under the influence
  of alcohol (Bureau of Justice Statistics,
  1998). 
• In 1997, 40 of convicted rape and sexual assault
  offenders said that they were drinking at the
  time of their crime (Greenfield, 2000).
• People who abuse alcohol are more likely to
  engage in risky behaviors, such as having
  unprotected sex, having more sex partners, and
  using intravenous drugs. In a single act of
  unprotected sex with an infected partner, a
  teenage woman has a 1 risk of acquiring HIV, a
  30 risk of getting genital herpes, and a 50
  chance of contracting gonorrhea (Alan Guttmacher
  Institute, 1994).
• According to the U.S. Department of Health
  Human Services, 82 percent of 12-17 year-olds do
  not drink. (2004 National Survey on Drug Use and
  Health).

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Alcohol
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Alcohol
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Path of Alcohol
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THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL and THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN

• Brain- first area depressed speech, thought,
  restraint, judgment, inhibition
• Then, spinal cord reflexes and respiration
  which can be fatal.
• black-outs may occur (periods of time that
  cant be remembered when sober)
• disturbed sleep patterns, change in REM sleep

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Adolescent Brain Changes
prefrontal cortex

• These brain changes are relevant to adolescent
  behavior
• Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is pruned not fully
  developed until mid-20s
• Amygdala (and n.a.) show less pruning and tend to
  dominate the PFC

amygdala
nucleus accumbens
judgment
reward system
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This imbalance leads to... ? planned thinking
? impulsiveness ? self-control ?
risk-takingmore hot talking, less cool
talking
I like to use drugs!!
PFC
amygdala
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Effects on Body Continued

• Cardiovascular- dilates blood vessels which
  causes loss of heat
• initially increases heart rate, then slows
  it down
• Gastrointestinal- toxic effect on stomach
  lining
• irritates ulcers
• increases acid and pepsin secretions
  (digestive fluid)
• nauseant
• Sexual Stimulation- too much alcohol abolishes
  sexual function
• Liver- (blood volume circulates through liver
  every 4 minutes)
• cells in liver destroyed
• scarring, also called Cirrhosis fatty
  liver
• can cause death long term

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Blood Alcohol Concentration

• Blood Alcohol Concentration measured in
  percentages
• .10 means 10ml of alcohol per 100mL of blood
• maximum BAC is reached within 20-30 minutes
• Process of filtering blood is called Oxidation
• Occurs in Liver and removes about 1 drink per hour

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Effects of Alcohol Chart

• Factors Influencing Absorption
• Amount/Size of Drinks
• Food
• Body Size
• Drug Interaction (s)?
• Gender
• Gender differences women tend to be more
  affected by alcohol than men (lt of alcohol
  metabolizing enzyme)

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Alcohol Poisoning

• Can happen in one episode of binge drinking
• can be fatal
• choke on own vomit or
• midbrain shuts down which regulates breathing
• Call 911 if you notice
• vomiting, seizures, stupor, coma, cant awaken,
  pale skin
• once a person passes out, their BAC continues
  to rise

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Standard Drinks

• A standard drink contains approximately 10 grams
  of alcohol. This is equivalent to

• 1 bottle, 4 - 6
• 1 small glass of wine, 10 - 14
• 1 shot 30mL , (hard liquor), 37 - 43

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Absorption and Metabolism

• Absorption and metabolism of alcohol
• rapid absorption
• stomach absorbs ¼
• rest is absorbed in small intestine
• liver breaks down alcohol in about 1 drink
  an hour
• Amounts of alcohol (2/3 ounce of pure ethanol)
• Same for all below!!
• shot of hard liquor (86 proof/ 43 alcohol)
• wine- 5 ounces (12 alcohol)
• can of beer 12 ounces (4.5 alcohol)

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• What are the Legal Limits?
• You
• gt Age 21
• 1 Drink .02

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Drunk Goggles Demonstration

• Movie clip

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Generalization

• Bill (who is 55, has a good job, graduated and
  drinks in moderation.) has 4 beers over the
  course of 2 hours what is his BAC

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Use a designated driver, or one will be appointed
for you !

• Nearly ½ of all TRAFFIC FATALITITES are related
  to DUI.
• DUI
• Estimated Cost ________
• 2 year revocation license
• Zero Tolerance
• 3 Month/6 Month Suspension

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Implied Consent

• Through the process of obtaining a drivers
  license a person in Illinois one gives consent to
  chemical testing. If a police officer has a
  reasonable belief that person is driving under
  the influence of alcohol or drugs, the officer
  can request the person to submit to testing.
• Blood 2. Breath 3. Urine

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Sobering Myths

• Exercise. Showering Drinking Coffee.

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Only TIME will sober you up
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Factors Contributing Toward Alcoholism

• Genetics 2-7 Chance
• Drinking lt 15
• 4 X Chance
• High Tolerance
• Levels

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• A national survey found that more than half of
  women age 15-44 drank while pregnant.
• FAS is the leading known preventable cause of
  mental retardation and birth defects
• FAS is not just a childhood disorder exposure to
  alcohol as a fetus can cause a wide range of
  lifelong physical and mental disabilities.

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Alcohol Essential Questions

• Short term vs. Long term effects
• Can you identify a standard drink
• What is B A C
  ?
• Legal Limit for.YOU ADULTS
• If BAC is .12 what of blood is alcohol?
• What is oxidation? Organ responsible? Oxidize 1
  drink every
• Sobering Myths
• Factors influencing absorption
• 1 Cause of Mental retardation in the U.S. is
  ______________ (also called . . . )
• Factors contributing to alcoholism.