Final Review

1
Final Review
2
Map Skills
3
Mesopotamia
4
Canaan/Israel
5
Ancient Egypt
6
Ancient Greece
7
Ancient Rome
8
Ancient China
9
Ancient India
10
Ancient China
11
Chinese Society

• major religions/philosophies are Buddhism,
  Legalism, and Daoism
• Family is most important part of Chinese society
• Chinese Feudal System dominated early China

12
Chinese Feudal System

• King and Relatives
• Lords
• Craftspeople
• Traders
• Farmers and Peasants
• Slaves

13
Shang Dynasty

• Bronze (mixing tin and copper) weapons gave them
  an advantage
• United the clans of China
• Jade jewelry and sculptures
• Ancestor worship
• Logographs

14
Qin Dynasty

• Built the Great Wall
• Ended Feudalism
• Followed Legalism
• Persecuted followers of Confucianism
• Common laws, language, and currency throughout
  China
• Ended feudalism
• 6,000 Terra Cotta soldiers in emperors tomb

15
Han Dynasty

• Golden Age of China
• Stable Government
• Use of the Silk Road for trade and spreading of
  culture and ideas
• Invented the bamboo drill, compass, silk loom,
  crossbow, kites, and seismography
• Acupuncture, anesthesia, and astronomy

16
Ancient Greece
17
Greece (Geography)

• Steep Rocky Mountains
• Travel/communication was difficult
• Isolated communities
• Robbers/bandits in the mountains
• Greece is a peninsula
• Seaside communities depended on seas for a living
• Seaside communities became excellent at fishing
  and shipbuilding

18
Greece (Government)

• Order
• 1. Monarchy
• 2. Oligarchy
• 3. Tyranny
• 4. Democracy

19
Greece (Government)

• Monarchy
• Led by a king
• King made the laws
• Kings oldest son took over when he died
• Advised by the Aristocrats

20
Greece (Government)

• Oligarchy
• Led by a group of aristocrats
• Small council made the laws that favored the rich
• Rich became richer/poor became poor

21
Greece (Government)

• Tyranny
• Led by a one person called a tyrant
• Tyrant overthrew the oligarchy with military
  force
• Promised better treatment of the poor
• Eventually replaced by direct democracy

22
Greece (Government)

• Direct Democracy
• eligible male citizen voted on every issue
• Council of 500 chosen by random drawing to
  determine issues to vote on

23
Greece (Family Life)

• Athens
• Education mostly boys in math, science, LA,
  public speaking
• Women ran the household but had few rights
• Sparta
• Education for boys and girls in military training
• Women had many of the same rights as men

24
Greece (Religion)

• Gods influenced every aspect of their lives
  (seas, harvest, wine,).
• Olympic Games started to honor Greek god Zeus
• Plays, drama, and theater were usually stories
  about one of the Greek gods/heroes
• Greek gods adopted and changed by the Romans

25
Greece (Persian Wars)

• Greece Vs. Persia
• Athens came to aid of Ionia colonies/angered
  Persians
• All of Greece banded together and used better
  strategy to defeat the Persians
• Four Main Battles
• Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea

26
Greece (Contributions)

• Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
• Three Philosophers
• Socrates
• Greatest speaker of the Agora
• taught using questions
• Teacher of Plato
• Plato
• taught using plays, drama, etc..
• Teacher of Aristotle
• Aristotle
• work in mathematics and science
• Teacher of Alexander the Great
• U.S.
• Democracy
• Language (alphabet and words)
• architecture

27
Greece (Peloponnesian War)

• Athens Vs. Sparta
• Sparta eventually won
• City-states weak from extended fighting
• Alexander the Great conquers all of mainland
  Greece

28
Greece (Alexander the Great)

• Macedonian son of Phillip II
• Taught by Aristotle
• Conquered most of the known world
• Died in Babylon
• Empire split apart after his death
• Accepted other religions and left local leaders
  in place to foster acceptance/cooperation by the
  people he conquered
• Influence on Other Parts of the World
• spread Greek culture throughout the known world
• Roman gods
• Roman architecture
• Roman writing/stories
• Philosophy

29
Ancient Rome
30
Ancient Rome (Social Classes)

• Patrician
• rich/upper class
• Owned all the best land
• Ran the government
• Passed laws that favored the rich
• Lived on large estates/villas in the country
• Plebeian
• Poor/lower class
• Lived in small wooden apartments in the city
• Unemployed or worked for rich
• Some owned their own shops
• Small farms in the country
• Slaves
• Hundreds of thousands from wars
• Took many jobs away from the Plebeians
• Forced to fight in the Gladiator games

31
Ancient Rome (Stages)

• Republic
• Elected representatives
• Run by the Senate with 2 Consuls
• Produced 12 Tables
• Eventually included Plebeians in the process
• Dictatorship
• Began by Julius Caesar
• Took over using military force
• Rome ruled by one person
• Assassinated by Roman Senate
• sent Rome into Civil War
• led to the 1st Roman emperor
• Empire/Emperor
• Caesar Augustus 1st Emperor
• Started the Pax Romana (woo year period of peace
  throughout the Roman Empire)
• Absolute authority in Rome
• Eventually was viewed as a god by the Romans
• Pax Romana was a 200 year period of peace
  throughout the Roman Empire

32
Ancient Rome (Punic Wars)

• 3 Wars fought between Rome and Carthage
• Hannibal
• most famous Carthage General
• Used elephants
• Roman victory led to control of the entire
  Mediterranean Sea region

33
Rome (Government)

• Senate
• Formed by Patricians
• Made all laws for Rome
• Laws favored the Rich over the poor
• Plebeians
• Not allowed to participate for many years
• Eventually won the right to pass and veto laws
• Consul
• 2 elected Patricians that ran the Senate
• 12 Tables first written code of laws

34
Rome (Miscellaneous)

• Achievements
• Roads throughout the empire
• Aqueducts for moving water
• Arches for construction

35
Rome (Miscellaneous)

• Influences
• U.S
• Senate is part of the Legislative Branch
• Rule of Law
• Trial by jury of your peers
• Rule of Law

36
Rome (Miscellaneous)

• Entertainment
• Coliseum Gladiator Games
• Circus Maximus Chariot Races
• Forum center of activity in Rome

37
Rome (Miscellaneous)

• Christianity
• Persecuted by many Roman emperors
• Constantine
• Converted to Christianity
• Made Christianity the official religion of the
  Roman Empire
• Moved capital of Rome to Constantinople

38
Rome (Decline)

• Legal system was unfair
• Emperors were above the law
• People became complacent/lazy because of the
  Bread and Circus
• Senate and other government officials were
  dishonest and corrupt
• Outside invaders successfully attacked or
  conquered Roman Empire
• Britannia Rome withdraws (410 A.D.)
• Huns capture Spain (452 A.D.)
• Germanic Tribes conquer Rome (476 A.D.)
• Barber Wars (536 A.D.)
• Black Plague (1347 A.D.)
• Ottoman Empire (1461 A.D.)