Building automation (intelligent building system)

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Building automation (intelligent building system)

• Building automation describes the functionality
  provided by the control system of a building.
• The Building Automation system (BAS) is a
  computerized, intelligent network of electronic
  devices, designed to monitor and control the
  mechanical and lighting systems in a building.
• The BAS functionality reduces building energy and
  maintenance costs when compared to a
  non-controlled building.

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The primary and secondary bus can be BACnet,
optical fiber, ethernet, ARCNET (an acronym from
Attached Resource Computer NETwork) , RS-232,
RS-485 or a wireless network. BACnet was
designed to allow communication of building
automation and control systems for applications
such as heating, ventilating, and
air-conditioning control, lighting control,
access control, and fire detection systems and
their associated equipment. LonTalk is a protocol
created by Echelon Corporation for networking
devices.
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• The BACnet protocol provides mechanisms for
  computerized building automation devices to
  exchange information, regardless of the
  particular building service they perform.
• Analog inputs are used to read a variable
  measurement. Analog outputs control the speed or
  position of a device, such as a variable
  frequency drive or a valve or damper actuator.
• A digital input indicates if a device is turned
  on or not. Digital outputs are used to open and
  close relays and switches.

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Infrastructure

• Controllers are essentially small, purpose-built
  computers with input and output capabilities.
• Inputs allow a controller to read temperatures,
  humidity, pressure, current flow, air flow, and
  other essential factors. The outputs allow the
  controller to send command and control signals to
  slave devices, and to other parts of the system.
• Controllers used for building automation can be
  grouped in 3 categories. Programmable Logic
  Controllers (PLCs), System/Network controllers,
  and Terminal Unit controllers.

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• PLC's provide the most responsiveness and
  processing power.
• System/Network controllers may be applied to
  control one or more mechanical systems such as an
  Air Handler Unit (AHU), boiler, chiller, etc.
• Terminal Unit controllers usually are suited for
  control of lighting and/or simpler devices such
  as a package rooftop unit, heat pump, VAV box, or
  fan coil, etc.

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Occupancy (Operating Mode)

• Occupancy is one of 2 or more operating modes for
  a building automation system. Unoccupied, Morning
  Warm up, and Night-time Setback are other common
  modes. In Occupancy mode, the BAS aims to
  provides a comfortable climate and adequate
  lighting. Some buildings rely on occupancy
  sensors to activate lighting and/or climate
  conditioning.
• The BAS often factors in outdoor conditions and
  historical experience. An override is a
  manually-initiated command to the BAS.

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Lighting

• Lighting can be turned on and off with a building
  automation system based on time of day, or on
  occupancy sensors, photosensors and timers. A
  photocell placed outside a building can sense
  darkness, and the time of day, and modulate
  lights in outer offices and the parking lot.

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Alarms and security

• Many building automation systems have alarm
  capabilities. If an alarm is detected, it can be
  programmed to notify someone. Notification can be
  through a computer, pager, cellular phone, or
  audible alarm.
• Common temperature alarms
• Differential pressure switches on the filter
  to determine if it is dirty.
• Status alarms. This can indicate a mechanical
  failure.
• Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide sensors
• Current sensors Refrigerant sensors

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• Some sites are programmed so that critical alarms
  are automatically re-sent at varying intervals,
  if power failures. A repeating critical alarm (of
  a uninterruptible power supply in 'by pass')
  might resound at 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and
  every 2 to 4 hours there after until the alarms
  are resolved.
• Security systems can be interlocked to a building
  automation system.
• Fire and smoke alarm systems can be hard-wired to
  override building automation.

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Smart Home

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Bill Gates House, Medina, Washington

• 1,000 Million US,?? 6 ? 6 ????? (6,100 m2,
  ?2000?)
• designed by James Cutler
• The house occupies 50,000 square feet on 5.15
  acre land. Garage space and outbuildings occupy
  an additional 16,000 square feet
• A 17 60 foot (5.1 18.2 metre) swimming pool,
  which has an underwater music system and a
  fossil-motif floor
• Swimmers can dive under a glass wall and emerge
  outdoors by a terrace

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• Lights automatically come on when you enter a
  room
• Speakers are hidden beneath the wallpaper to
  allow music to follow from room to room
• Visitors to the residence are surveyed and given
  a microchip upon entrance. This small chip sends
  signals throughout the house, and a given rooms
  temperature and other conditions will change
  according to preset user preferences

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• grand staircase
• large private library with a domed reading room
• formal dining room
• exercise room
• outdoor sports courts
• Property records indicate eight bedrooms and four
  building levels

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• Much of the Bill Gates house is built underground
  into the hill, so the house looks smaller than it
  actually is.
• The beach sand on the bank of the lake is not
  from Lake Washington, it is barged in annually
  from a tropical beach in St. Lucia
• The wood columns from main floor to roof in entry
  area are over 70 feet tall
• Some of the interior passage doors weigh over 800
  lbs, but are balanced for easy use
• The roofing is stainless steel

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• Hidden cameras are everywhere, including the
  interior stone walls
• Gates insisted on saving a 40 year old maple
  adjacent to the driveway. The tree is monitored
  electronically 24 hours per day via computer. If
  it seems dry, it gets just the right amount of
  water automatically delivered
• All woodwork is flawless. Much of the woodwork is
  of various rare types from all over the world -
  imported especially for this house
• The theater (underground in a concrete shell) is
  the most state of the art theatre in the world
  according to specialty contractor

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