Psychological Disorders

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Psychological Disorders
Dr. Stephen Landman
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Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy,
Childhood, or Adolescence

• Mental Retardation Learning Disorders
• Communication Disorders
• Autistic Spectrum Disorders
• Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior
  Disorders
• Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early
  Childhood
• Tic Disorders
• Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or
  Adolescence Selective Mutism Separation
  Anxiety Disorder Reactive Attachment Disorder
  of Infancy or Early Childhood Stereotypic
  Movement Disorder

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Mental Retardation

• Mild Mental Retardation IQ level 50-55 to
  approximately 70
• Moderate Mental Retardation IQ level 35-40 to
  50-55 
• Severe Mental Retardation IQ level 20-25 to
  35-40 
• Profound Mental Retardation IQ level below 20 or
  25

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Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)

• Severe impairment pervades broad areas of social
  and psychological development in children
• Asperger's Disorder Autistic Disorder
  Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Rett's
  Disorder

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Asperger's Disorder (AD)

• Asperger's (or AS) is one of several autism
  spectrum disorders (ASD) characterized by
  difficulties in social interaction and by
  restricted, stereotyped interests and activities.
  AS is distinguished from the other ASDs in having
  no general delay in language or cognitive
  development. Although not mentioned in standard
  diagnostic criteria, motor clumsiness and
  atypical use of language are frequently reported.

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Autistic Disorder

• Autistic disorder (also called autism) is a
  neurological and developmental disorder that
  usually appears during the first three years of
  life. A child with autism appears to live in
  his/her own world, showing little interest in
  others, and a lack of social awareness. The focus
  of an autistic child is a consistent routine and
  includes an interest in repeating odd and
  peculiar behaviors. Autistic children often have
  problems in communication, avoid eye contact, and
  show limited attachment to others.
• The evidence is NOT that it is caused by
  vaccinations.

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Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

• Children appear to develop normally for the first
  two years of life, but then lose skills in areas
  such as language, play, and bowel control and
  manifest impaired social interaction and
  communication associated with "restrictive,
  repetitive, stereotyped" behaviors.

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Rett's Disorder

• Children with Retts Disorder appear to develop
  normally at first, but their head growth slows,
  they lose social "engagement" and hand skills,
  and they develop stereotyped movements of the
  hands and poorly coordinated gait or trunk
  movements. There is also psychomotor retardation
  and impairment of language development.

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Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior
Disorders

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Conduct Disorder
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Inattention
• Hyperactivity
• Impulsivity

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Conduct Disorder

• Aggression to People Animals
• Destruction of Property
• Deceitfulness or theft 
• Serious violations of rules 

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Oppositional Defiant Disorder

• This diagnosis involves a pattern of defiant,
  angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or
  vindictive behavior. These children may blame
  others for their problems.

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Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other
Cognitive Disorders
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Delirium

• Although classified as a mental disorder because
  it involves fluctuating level of consciousness
  and pervasive impairment in mental, behavioral,
  and emotional functioning, this brain state,
  which is usually of acute onset and temporary
  duration, is probably always caused by physical
  disease, head trauma, or drug effect.

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Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type

• Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive
  disease of the brain that is characterized by
  impairment of memory and eventually by
  disturbances in reasoning, planning, language,
  and perception.

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Dementia Due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare,
  degenerative brain disorder. Symptoms usually
  start around age 60. Memory problems, behavior
  changes, vision problems and poor muscle
  coordination progress quickly to dementia, coma
  and death. Most patients die within a year.
• The three main categories of CJD are
• sporadic CJD, which occurs for no known reason
• hereditary CJD, which runs in families
• acquired CJD, which occurs from contact with
  infected tissue, usually during a medical
  procedure
• Cattle can get a disease related to CJD called
  bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad
  cow disease." It is possible that people can get
  a variant of CJD from eating beef from an
  infected animal.

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Vascular Dementia

• Vascular dementia is the second most common form
  of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). The
  condition is not a single disease it is a group
  of syndromes relating to different vascular
  mechanisms. Vascular dementia is preventable
  therefore, early detection and an accurate
  diagnosis are important. A common type is
  multi-infarct dementia

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Substance-Related Disorders
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Schizophrenia

• Catatonic
• Disorganized
• Paranoid
• Undifferentiated
• Residual

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Schizophrenia Symptoms

• Positive Symptoms
• Delusions (Persecution, Grandeur, Control,
  Reference, Nihilistic, Religious, Somatic,
  Erotomania, Thought Insertion, Thought
  Broadcasting) Hallucinations
• Negative Symptoms
• Flat Affect, Inability to Initiate Activities,
  Brief Speech, Lack of Pleasure
• Cognitive Symptoms
• Problems with Memory, Organizing, Prioritizing,
  Judgment, Reasoning, Lack of Insight

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Other Psychotic Disorders

• Schizophreniform Disorder
• Schizoaffective Disorder
• Delusional Disorder
• Brief Psychotic Disorder
• Shared Psychotic Disorder

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Intersections of Mental Illness and the Law

• Not Guilty by Reason of InsanityJohn Hinckley,
  Jr. Andrea Yates
• Competence to Stand Trial
• Involuntary Hospitalization (Civil
  Commitment)Starts with Mental Inquest
  WarrantKentucky Law
• Juvenile Court Disposition of Delinquents
• Civil Court Proceedings (Divorce Custody)

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Symptoms of Depression

• Depressed Mood (Beyond Sadness)
• Loss of Interest and Pleasure in Usually Enjoyed
  Activities
• Tearfulness
• Suicidal Ideation (Thoughts, Impulses, Actions)
• Weight Changes Eating Changes
• Sleep Changes
• Psychomotor Retardation or Agitation
• Loss of Libido
• Fatigue
• Feelings of Guilt, Worthlessness, Pessimism
• Difficulty Concentrating Brain Fog

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Mood Disorders

• Dysthymic Disorder
• Major Depression
• Pseudodementia
• Bipolar Disorder
• Difference between hypomania and mania
• Postpartum Depression
• Seasonal Affective Disorder

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Psychosomatic DisorderA disorder in which
there is a real physical illness that is largely
caused by psychological factors such as stress
and anxiety.Somatoform DisordersDisorders in
which there is an apparent physical illness for
which there is no organic basisSomatization
DisorderA somatoform disorder characterized by
recurrent vague somatic complaints without a
physical cause.
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Somatoform Disorders These mental disorders
share the appearance of a general medical
condition as suggested by one or more physical
symptoms.

• Body Dysmorphic Disorder
• Conversion Disorder
• Hypochondriasis
• Pain Disorder

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Anxiety Disorders

• Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder
• Anxiety Disorder Due to General Medical Condition
  
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
• Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Specific Phobia
• Social Phobia
• Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder

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Factitious DisorderPatient's with this mental
disorder are so eager to assume the role of a
sick person that they intentionally feign or
produce symptoms

• Malingering
• Munchausens Syndrome
• Munchausens by Proxy

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Dissociative Disorders
Patients with these mental disorders suffer
disruption of memory, consciousness, identity,
and general perception of themselves and their
surroundings.

• Dissociative Amnesia
• Dissociative Fugue
• Depersonalization Disorder
• Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Sexual Disorders

• Sexual Desire Disorders Hypoactive Aversion
• Sexual Arousal Disorders Female Sexual Arousal
  Disorder Male Erectile Disorder
• Orgasmic Disorders Female Male Premature
  Ejaculation
• Sexual Pain Disorders Dyspareunia Vaginismus
• Sexual Dysfunction Due to a General Medical
  Condition Female Dyspareunia Female Hypoactive
  Sexual Desire Disorder Male Erectile Disorder
  Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Male
  Dyspareunia Substance-Induced Sexual
  Dysfunction
• Paraphilias Exhibitionism Fetishism
  Frotteurism Pedophilia Masochism Sadism
  Transvestic Fetishism Voyeurism
• Gender Identity Disorder

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Eating Disorders

• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa

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Personality Disorders

• Paranoid
• Schizoid
• Schizotypal
• Antisocial
• Borderline

• Histrionic
• Narcissistic
• Avoidant
• Dependent
• Obsessive-Compulsive

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Sleep Disorders

• Insomnia
• Hypersomnia
• Narcolepsy
• Sleep Apnea
• Nightmare Disorder
• Sleep Terror Disorder
• Sleepwalking Disorder