December 30, 2020

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Hybrid GIS Technology for Groundwater Resource
Management in IndiaPrabir Kumar Mukherjee

• December 30, 2020

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Agenda
Introduction
Need for Groundwater Resource Management
GIS in Groundwater Resource Management
Improved Technology - GIT
Business Benefits
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Introduction

• Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource,
  essential to sustain life, development and the
  environment
• Water development and management should be based
  on a participatory approach, involving users,
  planners and policymakers at all levels
• Women play a central part in the provision,
  management and safeguarding of water
• Water has an economic value in all its competing
  uses and should be recognized as an economic good

pragmatic but principled approach that respects
the concepts of economic efficiency, social
equity and environmental sustainability but
recognizes that management can be intensely
political and that reform requires prioritised,
sequenced, practical and patient
interventions. Reference GWMate Briefing
Note
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Need for Groundwater Resource Management

• 2000 million people, innumerable farmers and many
  industrial premises depend on groundwater
• Accelerated development has resulted in great
  social and economic benefits, providing low-cost,
  drought-reliable high-quality water supplies
• Management and protection of groundwater has been
  seriously neglected, potentially endangering the
  resource
• The sustainability of groundwater is linked to
  policy issues influencing water and land use, and
  represents one of the major global challenges in
  natural resource management
• There is a need to integrate groundwater and
  surface water management to ensure better overall
  water management and allocation

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Need for Groundwater Resource Management

• Millions of m3 pumped every year
• Monitored? Why? Who? How? Use? quantity / quality
  
• 100s of thousands of users
• Controlled? Registered?
• 10s of thousands of wells / boreholes
• Registered? Maintained? Monitored?
• Have the information Stored on location,
  abstraction, water levels, water quality,
  formation etc.?
• 1000s of sources of pollution
• Location, nature quantity of pollutants?
  aquifer vulnerability?
• 100s of drillers / consultants
• Registered? Development drilling data recorded
  submitted?
• Many governing departments /institutions
• Joint management ? Coordination / cooperation?

Source (AGW)
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Approaches of Groundwater Resource Management
Hiscock, 2002
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Approaches of Groundwater Resource Management
With IWRM
Without IWRM
Water and land-use behaviour worsen Dissatisfact
ion of water-users increases
Aquifer system/ groundwater resources
impacted Quality and quantity deteriorated
Unrestricted Demand Unregulated Resources
Reliable supply reducing with increasing cost
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Evolution of GIS in Groundwater Study
In 1970 - Computer Mapping During this period
most GIS analysis were limited to Manual
Processing of spatial data. This period saw
computer mapping automate map drafting. The
points, lines and areas defining geographic
features on a map are represented as an organized
set of X, Y coordinates. In 1980 Spatial
Database Management Spatial database management
systems were developed that linked computer
mapping capabilities with traditional database
management capabilities. Increasing demands for
mapped data focused attention on data
availability, accuracy and standards, as well as
data structure issues.
In 1990 - Map Analysis / Modeling During this
period the bulk of descriptive query operations
were available in most GIS systems and attention
turned to a comprehensive theory of map analysis.
The spatial information used to represented
numerically, rather than in analog way as inked
lines on a map. The GIS applications were now
centering towards two forms spatial statistics
and spatial analysis in groundwater study. In
2000 - Multimedia Mapping In this period, GIS
systems and applications saw new trends like Data
Exchange Interoperability Standards,
Development of Web Services, Enhanced Display
Capabilities, 3D visualization, Integration of
Global Positioning System and Remote Sensing
Imagery with GIS in groundwater study. Future
Perceptions 4D GIS (XYZ and time), Tomorrows
data structures will accommodate time as a
stored dimension and completely change the
conventional mapping paradigm. The future also
will build on the cognitive basis, as well as the
databases, of GIS technology. Information
systems are at a threshold that is pushing well
beyond mapping, management, modeling, and
multimedia to spatial reasoning and dialogue.
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Concept - GISITGIT in Groundwater Resource
Management
SMART Governance means Process of decision
making in a simple, moral, accountable,
responsive, and transparent manner
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Concept Target Area in Groundwater Resource
Management
TARGET of GIT
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GIS Maturity Model
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GIS Technology Improvement in Groundwater
Resource Management

• Desktop GIS products offer many advantages
  including
• Advanced capabilities and powerful functionality
  out of the box
• Internet connectivity is not required
• Performance is not dependent on bandwidth
• The disadvantages of traditional desktop
  applications include
• Licensing costs are high on a per user basis
  compared to web-based GIS
• PCs with higher specifications are required
• More advanced user training is required
• Distributed GIS have all of the system
  components in the different physical locations.
  This could be the processing, the database, the
  rendering or the user interface. Examples of
  distributed systems are
• Web-based GIS,
• Mobile GIS,
• Enterprise GIS
• An Enterprise Geographical Information System
  satisfies the spatial information needs of an
  organization as a whole in an integrated manner.
  Enterprise GIS consists of four technological
  elements which are data, standards, information
  technology and personnel with expertise.
• It is a coordinated approach that moves away from
  fragmented desktop GIS.
• The design of an enterprise GIS includes the
  construction of a centralized enterprise database
  that is designed to be the principle resource for
  an entire organization.

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GIS Technology Improvement Migration from Desktop
to Web GIS

• The traditional, ground water management methods
  are mainly focused on engineering measures. With
  the rapid development of information technology,
  database and GIS technology, the non-engineering
  measures based on scientific and logical
  management techniques lead to sustainable
  development of ground water resources.
• This improves the ground water management level
  and increase work efficiency. Network is a good
  medium for sharing and spreading information.
  Using network technology in ground water
  management not only decrease constructive
  investment, but also predigest the operation and
  make it easy to use.
• Using the centralized repository based on
  database and Web GIS technology, different
  business units can use the Mobile GIS and web GIS
  application to exchange information and data on
  network.
• Efficient management of groundwater resources
  relies on a comprehensive database that
  represents the characteristics of the natural
  groundwater system as well as analysis and
  modeling tools to describe the impacts of
  decision alternatives .

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Web Enabled Groundwater Information System in
India
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Maturing Groundwater Analysis using Mobile GIS
Technology
The method of data collection from field is time
consuming and susceptible to errors. The recent
development in mobile technology has enabled GIS
information to be collected from field and update
the modification directly to spatial repository
in central database. This enables to add real
time data to enterprise database and stakeholders
can use the latest and more accurate data for
analysis and decision making. Wireless
connectivity, geo-services, and Web mapping
applications allow field-based personnel to
complete database transactions in near real time.

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Spatial Data Sharing in Groundwater Information
System using High Bandwidth 3G Network
WAN Network
3G Network
3G Network
LAN Network
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Business Benefits
Many Gaps Have Been Bridged with the Help of this
Technology
Hybrid Technology GIS IT In Groundwater
Management System
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Thank You