Hand Hygiene to Prevent the Spread of Disease

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Hand Hygiene to Prevent the Spread of Disease
Lynn Nakamura-Tengan Extension Educator
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What will be covered

• Basic information about germs
• Types
• Modes of transmission
• Importance of hand washing
• When to wash
• How to wash
• Alternative hand hygiene options
• Products available
• Implementation in local settings

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Germs-microscopic organism

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Protozoa

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Bacteria

• a single cell
• helpful, pathogenic (harmful, causing disease),
  and spoilage (deteriorates food)
• balls, rods, or spirals
• Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci
• Some bacteria produce poisons called toxins
  -Clostridium botulinum bacteria

Streptococci Bacteria Source National Institute
of Health-NIAID
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Viruses

• Viruses are smaller than bacteria
• Viruses are protein structures, not cells
• Require a living host to survive
• Highly infectious
• Viruses can be rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, or
  multisided, common examplesHepatitis A, Norwalk
  virus, influenzavirus

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Fungi

• primitive vegetable
• found in air, in soil, on plants, and in water
• familiar ones - mushrooms, yeast, mold, and
  mildew
• Some live in the human body, without causing
  illness
• Some are beneficial - penicillin and yeast for
  fermentation

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Protozoa

• microscopic one-celled animals
• Protozoa can be parasites or predators
• In humans, protozoa usually cause disease
• Examples Malaria - a protozoan parasite,
  Trichinia spialis (pork and wild game meats),
  Giardia lamblia (contaminated water and anything
  it contacts)

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Germs modes of transmission

• Person to person
• Cuts, abrasions, wounds
• Insects mosquito (Dengue, West Nile), flea
  (plague) , tick (Lyme disease)
• Water e-coli, Cryptosporidia, Giardia and
  Salmonella
• Pets dogs cats (rabies), reptiles
  (Salmonella)

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Germs modes of transmission

• Air - cough and sneeze
• Hands

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Germ enter your body - hands

• Hands to food unwashed hands preparing foods
• Hand to hand shaking hands
• Food to hands to food raw poultry to ready to
  eat foods
• Food to hands to infant diaper changing to
  infant
• Nose, mouth or eyes to hand
• Hands to nose, mouth, eyes

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Germs enter your body - other

• Insects such as mosquitoes, fleas and ticks
• Animal bites
• Open cuts, abrasions, or wounds treat and cover
  wounds immediately.

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Avian Flu

• Greatest risk from handling slaughtering
  infected poultry
• Do not eat sick or dead poultry
• Do not touch sick or dead birds without gloves
• Do not let children touch or play with sick or
  dead birds or their feathers
• Do not sell or buy birds from infected area
• Do not move sick or dead birds out of an infected
  area
• Do not drink unboiled/treated water from areas
  with bird droppings
• Do not swim in waters used by wild birds birds m

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Handwashing
Hand hygiene is the primary measure to reduce
infections Soaps - designed to clean the skin
by removing dirt, oils and germs. Antibacterial
soaps - contain Triclocarbon and Triclosan, for
added germ killing protection Hand sanitizers
waterless, include a germ kill ingredient
alcohol, Triclocarbon, Triclosan
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When to wash your hands

• Before and after eating, drinking, smoking or
  chewing tobacco products
• After going to the bathroom
• After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who
  has gone to the bathroom
• Before and after tending to someone who is sick
• After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing
• After touching hair, face or clothing
• After handling an animal, animal parts or animal
  waste
• After handling garbage, cleaning products,
  pesticides, fertilizers, soil
• Before and after treating a cut or wound
• Anytime hands look dirty

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Hand washing Experiment

• Break up into 6 groups
• Liquid soap and water
• Foam Soap
• Water only
• Alcohol sanitizer
• Chlorine sanitizer
• Hand wipes
• Apply Pretend Germ lotion
• Clean hands as directed for your group
• Record results of your hand hygiene
• Discussion on findings

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• Handwashing Resources
• Clean Your Hands brochure
• Multi-lingual Handwashing poster
• Germ City - When to Wash and Wash Your Hands
  posters
• Handwashing Video by Carl Winters, UC Davies
  -
• http//foodsafe.ucdavis.edu/FSM_Source/HTML_Source
  _FSM/music_videos.html

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• Thank you
• and
• Happy Handwashing!