Theory and Nature of War

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Theory and Nature of War

• War in the Early Modern Era

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Last Week

• Theory and Nature of War
• Introduction
• Lesson 1
• Sun Tzu

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Points to Remember

• Lesson 1
• Sun Tzus context
• Harmony with USMC philosophy
• Acme of skill.
• Main object of war.
• Good generalship.
• Use of intelligence.

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War in the Early Modern Era

• 8801, Lesson 2

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Objectives

• To understand the shift in character of warfare
• To understand the concept of the balance of
  power
• To examine the role of war in the evolution of
  the modern state
• To assess the development of professional armies
• To explain the age of limited warfare.

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Background

• War in the Middle Ages
• The Hundred Years War
• 1337-1457
• The Thirty Years War
• 1618-1648
• Treaty of Westphalia (1648)

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War in the Middle Ages

• Icon
• Make-up of armies
• Changes

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The Hundred Years War (1337-1457)

• Effects
• National identities crystallized
• Centralized governmental mechanism
• National authority

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The Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

• Modern armies
• Trained professionals
• Firearms
• Modern state
• Ended by Treaty of Westphalia

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The Treaty of Westphalia (1648)

• A new era
• Modern state system
• State as sovereign
• No central authority
• Era of limited warfare

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The Nature of Politics

• Realism (Realpolitik)
• Competition and power
• Idealism
• Cooperation and justice

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War in the Early Modern Era

• Political aims
• Balance of power
• Era of limited war
• Technology
• Transportation
• Armies from ends of society

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Changes in warfare

• Military Revolution
• Technology dominant
• Tactics
• Strategy
• Scale of war
• Impact of war

• Revolution in Military Affairs
• Technological development
• Doctrinal innovation
• Organizational adaptation
• Societal adaptation

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Early Modern Era

• Military Revolution
• Scale of war
• Strategy
• Tactics
• Impact of war

• Political Revolution
• Organizational
• Financial
• Control

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Early Modern Era

• Theorists
• Machiavelli
• Maurice of Nassau
• Gustavaus Adolphus
• Vauban
• Frederick the Great

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Frederick the Great

• Synthesizer of
• Technology
• Tactical innovations
• Personal experiences
• Major contribution

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Issues for Consideration

• Constraints
• Forces
• Centralized States
• Military Revolution

• Why limited warfare
• Armies composition
• Impact of technology
• Fredericks armies
• Employment
• Support

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Points to remember

• Lesson 2
• Mil Rev of Pre-Nap
• Characteristics
• Treaty of Westphalia
• Effects
• Age of Limited Warfare
• Characteristics