SCULPTURE: 3-Dimensional Art

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SCULPTURE 3-Dimensional Art

• Permanence
• 3-dimensional art / realistic
• Types- full round (may use devices for support)
• Relief maintains 2-d quality, low or high (by
  half their depth)
• Linear (thin, elongated items), mobiles

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Methods of Execution

• Subtraction (carving away)
• Material culture determines wood, stone, bone,
  etc.
• Types of rock (1) igneous (granite- hard,
  lasting, difficult)
• (2) Sedimentary (limestone- lasting, easy,
  smooth, luster)
• (3) Metamorphic (marble- lasting, pleasure to
  carve, colors)

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Methods Subtraction

• Creates a model, smaller than sculpture, of clay,
  plaster, wax
• Roughs out the image to within 2-3 inches of
  finished area
• Using a different set of tools, the sculptor
  finishes the work to precise detail
• Finally the sculptor polishes the material

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Methods Construction

• Construction- adds element to element built
  sculpture (plastics, metals, terracotta clay,
  resins, wood, mixed media)

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Methods Substitution

• Substitution- molded or cast
• Positive artist creates an identically sized
  model
• Negative covering the model with plaster, which
  when hardens is removed, the sculptor has created
  the negative mold for the sculpture
• Sculptor pours molten metal into mold, the metal
  hardens when cooled the sculpture emerges- it
  can then be polished

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Lost Wax Technique

• Lost wax technique (cire-perdue)- cast sculpture
  in which the basic mold uses a wax model which is
  then melted to leave desired spaces in the mold

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Lost Wax

• 1. Sculptor covers core of clay in the shape of
  the sculpture with wax layer
• 2. He then carves details into the wax and
  attaches rods pouring cup covers everything
  with a thick layer of clay
• 3. When the clay dries, the artist heats the mold
  to melt the wax then pours molten metal into
  the mold
• 4. When metal solidifies, the mold is broken to
  release the sculpture- it cannot be duplicated,
  and is hollow, therefore lighter and less
  expensive

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Manipulation- modeling- clay
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Sculptural Art Elements

• Mass (literal)
• Line Form open closed
• Space / Negative space
• Color
• Texture

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Mass (Literal)
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Open Form
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Closed Form
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Negative Space
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Color
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Texture
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Texture
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Texture
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Design Principles

• Proportion, relative relationship of shapes to
  one another
• Scale- size in relation to standard
• Repetition (rhythm, harmony, variation)
• Balance -  Biomorphic / geometric forms
• Articulation manner by which we move from one
  element to the next (how the artist has repeated,
  varied, harmonized, related its parts and the
  movement from one part to another)
• Focal area (emphasis)

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Proportion- size of the parts in relation to the
whole
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Scale size in relation to normal
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Repetition
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Balance
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Contemporary Methods

• Found Objects changes the context of objects,
  combines objects in a different way, or decides
  an object has an aesthetic reference and presents
  it that way
• Ephemeral art conceptual, transitory, and makes
  statement then ceases to exist

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Ephemeral Art
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Sensory Experience

• Touch
• Temperature
• Age
• Dynamics
• Size
• Lighting
• Environment