Presentaciуn de PowerPoint

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International Seminar on Information Technology
for Development of Small- and Medium-sized
Exporters in East Asia and Latin America ECLAC -
Santiago, Chile, 23-24 November 2004
Information Technology Concepts Applied to
SMEs, Trade Facilitation and Exports
Organized by ECLAC with the collaboration of
IDE/JETRO, sponsored by UNDP
Sidney Rezende Division of International Trade
and Integration ECLAC
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E-COMMERCE and E-BUSINESS
The Difference
E-commerce, or electronic commerce, is conducting
business communications and transactions via
computers and over networks. It is the buying and
selling of goods and services through digital
communication. It also includes transactions on
the WWW and Internet, and electronic funds
transfer, smart cards, and digital cash, among
others. E-business, or electronic business,
derived from 'e-commerce'. It is conducting
business on the Internet, but not just buying and
selling but also servicing customers and
collaborating with business partners. The term
conveys that the business conducts its business
entirely online.
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ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANCE - EDI
What is it?

• EDI is transfer of structured data, by agreed
  message standards, from one computer system to
  another by electronic means
• UN/EDIFACT is the international EDI Standard
  developed under the United Nations. The acronym
  stands for "United Nations / Electronic Data
  Interchange For Administration, Commerce, and
  Transport". The work of maintenance and further
  development of this standard is done through
  UN/CEFACT.

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DATA STANDARDS Too Many!
All have different data elements!
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United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and
Electronic Business
UN / CEFACT -
www.unece.org/cefact/

• Mission to improve the ability of business,
  trade and administrative organizations,
  worldwide, to exchange products and relevant
  services effectively - and so contribute to the
  growth of global commerce.
• It facilitates the development of e-business
  standards that can cross all international
  boundaries and help lower transaction costs,
  simplify data flow and reduce bureaucracy
• Work outputs of UN/CEFACT activities include the
  UN/EDIFACT and e-business XML ebXML (ISO 15000)
  

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STANDARDIZATION Benefits to the entire community

• OASIS and (Organization for the Advancement of
  Structured Information Standards) UN/CEFACT joint
  initiative
• Mission "... enable a global electronic
  marketplace where enterprises of any size and in
  any geographical location can meet and conduct
  business with each other through the exchange of
  XML based messages".

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XML and ebXML Definition

• XML (eXtensible Markup Language ) is a markup
  language for documents containing structured
  information (for example vector graphics,
  e-commerce transactions)
• ebXML (electronic business using eXtensible
  Markup Language) is a modular suite of
  specifications that enables enterprises of any
  size and in any geographical location to conduct
  business over the Internet.

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ADVANTAGES OF e-BUSINESS FOR SMEs
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ADVANTAGES OF e-BUSINESS FOR SMEs

• To be more efficient in their internal processes.
  
• To select the best suppliers from any part of
  the world.
• To develop a closer relationship with their
  local and foreign suppliers.
• To offer better services according to the
  requirements and expectations of their clients.
• To offer goods and services in the global market.

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e-TRANSACTIONS The Diferent Types
 
 
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B2B and B2C INDICATORS
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e-TRANSACTIONS Tortas_Peru - PE
B2C
US22
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e-TRANSACTIONS Carvajal - CO
B2B
250.000 TRANSACTIONS PER MONTH AMOUNTING TO OVER
US 100 MILLION.
It integrates suppliers and merchandisers in
retail/mass marketing communities. Over 2.000
companies in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and
Venezuela, mostly SMEs but also big corporations
such as Nestlé, Procter Gamble and Unilever.
 
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e-TRANSACTIONS COMPRASNET - BR
 
G2B
 
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(No Transcript)
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Mexico Survey Report Findings (I)
Comparative Study on East Asian and
Latin-American IT Industries, ECLAC, 15 October
2004.

• Build a strong telecommunications and Internet
  infrastructure
• Create ITC business incubators and ITC Industrial
  Parks
• Provide incentives to telecom companies to build
  networks
• Expand existing infrastructure to promote greater
  broadband bandwidth.
• Invest in human capital and job creation

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Mexico Survey Report Findings (II)
Comparative Study on East Asian and
Latin-American IT Industries, ECLAC, 15 October
2004.

• Establish basic rules for online commerce
• Maintain an open government procurement bidding
  process
• Build consumer confidence in the electronic world
• Eliminate trade barriers
• Provide access to financial capital
• Ensure network and information security

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E-TRANSACTIONS SECURITY
RISKS OF E-COMMERCE

• Messages can be intercepted and manipulated
• The validity of documents can be denied
• Personal data can be illicitly collected

TASKS OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE

• Verify the origin of the data (Authentication
  of data source)
• Check that data are complete and unchanged
  (Integrity of data)
• Guarantee the confidentiality of data message
  (Message content security)

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E-TRANSACTIONS SECURITY
Encryption is a form of Cryptography which
transforms (by mean of an Algorithm) a plaintext
into an unreadable cyphered text (encryption) and
vice versa (decryption). At present,
encryption provides the most important tool to
keep electronic communication and documents
confidential. Encryption is increasingly being
integrated into financial and banking
messages. Digital Signature To sign a document
with a digital signature the signatory (I)
Delimits precisely the borders of what is to be
signed. (II) Signatorys software computes a
result unique to the information to be signed
(III) Software transforms the result into a
digital signature using the signatorys private
key.
Public-Key Infrastructures (PKI) To verify a
digital signature, the verifier must have access
to the Signatorys public-key and have assurance
that it corresponds to the signatorys private
key. However, a public- and private-key pair has
no association with any person it is simply a
pair of numbers. An additional mechanism is
necessary to associate reliably a particular
person or entity to the key pair. This is usually
done by third Parties ( Certification
Authority or Certification Service Provider)
which associate an identified signatory or the
signatorys name with a specific public-key. In
a number of countries, such certification
authorities are organized hierarchically into
what is often referred to as a Public-Key
Infrastructure (PKI).
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TRACEABILITY What is it?

• Traceability is the ability to trace the
  history, application or location of an entity by
  means of recorded identification.
• Tracking is the capability to follow the path of
  a specified unit of a product and/or batch
  through the supply chain as it moves between
  organisations towards the final point-of-sale or
  point-of-service
• Tracing is the capability to identify the origin
  of a particular unit and/or batch of product
  located within the supply chain by reference to
  records held upstream. 

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TRACEABILITY Flow of Information
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Loans, Investments and Payments
E-FINANCE

• e-Finance is about web-enabling everything that a
  financial institutions does giving loans,
  offering investments (stocks, funds, bonds),
  executing transactions etc. all available using
  web technology
• In Latin America, on-line financial market
  activity is limited, with some exceptions in
  Brazil and Mexico, where on-line brokerage
  services seem well-developed.

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E-FINANCE Offline Payments
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E-FINANCE Online Payments
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TRADE FACILITATION Transportation, Port- System
and Logistics, Trade Finance, Security TRADE
PROMOTION IT and Non-IT Sectors
CREATING AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE TRADE
INFRASTRUCTURE
TRADE PROCEDURES and MEASURES e-Customs,
e-Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary Certificates,
e-Certificate of Origin, and Single Window
System
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LETTER OF CREDIT
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN
INSURANCE CERTIFICATE
BILL OF LADING
DECLARATIONS
WAYBILL
MANIFEST
PHITOSANITARY CERTIFICATES
DEBIT ADVICE
CUSTOM CLEARANCE
REMITANCE ADVICE
PAYMENT ORDER
INVOICE
PURCHASE ORDER
FORWARDING INSTRUCTION
STOWAGE PLAN-BAY PLAN
ARRIVAL NOTICE
BTW 20 and 40 PAPER DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR
INTERNATIONAL TRADE Costs up to 10 per cent of
the value of the goods. Every year, US550
Billion Worldwide.
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CUSTOMS INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Latin America and the Caribbean
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SINGLE WINDOW The Most Common Models
Simplifying International Trade
The new approach - a simple, one-stop solution
offering official control with trade
facilitation.
UN CEFACT Recommendation 33
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12TH APEC ECONOMIC LEADERS' MEETING
12TH APEC ECONOMIC LEADERS' MEETING SANTIAGO
DECLARATION "ONE COMMUNITY, OUR FUTURE" Santiago
de Chile 20-21 November 2004

• (...)
• Trade Facilitation We will continue our work to
  reduce business transaction costs by cutting red
  tape, embracing automation, harmonizing standards
  and eliminating unnecessary barriers to trade. We
  will also work together to advance the trade
  facilitation negotiations in the WTO, promote
  secure trade, and build on the APEC Best
  Practices for RTAs/FTAs in the area of trade
  facilitation
• (...)

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KNOWLEDGE AND TOOLS FOR SMEs
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GLOBAL TRADEPOINT NETWORK
www.wtpfed.org/newsite/index1.php

• A trade facilitation centre, where participants
  in foreign trade transactions are grouped
  together under a single physical or virtual roof
  to provide all the necessary services for trade
  transactions. Participants chambers of
  commerce, customs, foreign trade institutes,
  banks, freight forwarders, transport agencies and
  insurance companies.
• A source of trade-related information, providing
  actual and potential traders with data about
  business and market opportunities, potential
  clients and suppliers, as well as trade
  regulations and requirements.
• A gateway to global networking, in order to
  increase the participation of traders,
  particularly SMEs, in the emerging electronic
  commerce economy.

G T P N E T
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WORLD TRADE POINT FEDERATION
www.wtpfed.org/newsite/index1.php
Sidney Rezende, CEPAL, Agosto 1997
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INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTER (UNCTAD / WTO)
www.intracen.org/ec/welcome.htm
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STUDIES AND PUBLICATIONS - ECLAC
71 PUBLICATIONS on Information Technology 6
PUBLICATIONS on e-BUSINESS, e-COMMERCE
WWW.ECLAC.ORG
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www.eclac.org/comercio
Thank you for your Attention!
Sidney Rezende SRezende_at_eclac.cl