Reconstruction in the December 26th 2004 Tsunami

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Reconstruction in the December 26th 2004 Tsunami

• By
• Sarah Metts
• Clair Drake

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Outline

• Property Damage
• Reconstruction
• Political, Social and Economic Impact

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EERI

• Dispatching Teams to gather data about physical
  aspect of tsunami in affected regions
• Another team is focusing on damage to lifelines,
  such as highways, bridges, ports, etc
• Documenting impact
• These teams consist of geotechnical, structural,
  and coastal engineers, geologists, geophysicists,
  and experts in fluid mechanics
• Heres an example of a Recon Form
• Heres a report on the Tsunami

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Property Damage

• Foundations
• The Houses that were built on concrete survived
• Sand Dunes
• Hotels and Restaurants
• Private property damage
• Damage most severe where coast had been modified

• 6,791 homes lost
•  315 hotels and resorts
•  234 restaurants
•  4,365 fishing boats
•  5,977 fish traps
•  11 fish ponds
•  277 nurseries
• 2,480 acres of beach damaged

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Economic and Political Impact

• In many countries farmers and fishermen were the
  hardest hit.
• Tourism is another popular area that was hit hard
• Many countries relied on tourism for most of
  their profit
• India is one of the few countries that doesnt
  expect a big loss
• Indonesia made up of 300 different ethnic groups
  US presence could arouse suspicion
• Indonesia has a new president, Susilo Bambang
  Yudhoyomo
• Bush Administration
• Thailand's elections in mid-February

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December 25, 2004
December 26, 2004
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What went wrong

• Guidelines werent enforced-200 meter buffer zone
• Foundations were poor and built on sand
• War prevented construction of good roads
• New homes are built to far from coasts for
  fishermen
• So much new construction may result in overuse of
  timber and sand.
• Debris disposal interfering with fish
• Fisherman are over fishing coastal areas while
  they lack the resources to go further out.

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The settlement to the left is too far away from
the water for the fisherman to be successful
The settlement to the right uses too many
resources to be an effective method on such a
large scale
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What Survived And Why

• Reinforced concrete walls had little damage
• Coastal coconut trees stood up due to long
  slender limbs, thick trunks and large root mats
  (could be useful in construction)
• Sand dunes over 10 meters high protected anything
  behind them
• Coral reef diverted waves around housing behind
  them

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UNs short term goals for region

• Emergency cleanup and restoration
• Emergency housing
• Restore infrastructure
• Restore peoples livelihoods
• Land use planning

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UNs Long Term Goals for region

• Good local governance
• Empowerment to local officials and social reform
• Property allotment
• Economic recovery
• Strategic partnerships
• Vulnerability reduction for future disasters

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UN Solution

• Evaluate supply and demand for resources
• Start forest rehab for future
• Strategically place trees for protection
• Alleviate poverty by creating jobs
• Jobs must center around resources and economy
• Environmental health is top priority

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Architecture for Humanitys solution

• Build houses on firm concrete foundations on a
  grid to allow for growth
• Houses are constructed of rammed earth bricks
• Ample ventilation needed for temperature control
• Extended roof and large foundation for one to two
  future extensions

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References

• Architecture for Humanity
• UN
• Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
• American Society for Civil Engineers