Racial and Ethnic Minorities

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Chapter 10

• Racial and Ethnic Minorities

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With which racial/ethnic characterization do
identify with the most? Choose only one.

• Anglo (white, non-Hispanic)
• Hispanic
• African American, black
• Native American (American Indian)
• Asian
• Other

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• What Cues, or markers did you use to identify
  your self?
• Are these physical, cultural, or based on
  ancestry?

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The Concept of Race

• Race refers to a category of people who are
  similar because of physical characteristics.
• Races have been defined along genetic, legal, and
  social lines, each presenting its own set of
  problems.
• Go to the American Anthropological Associations
  statement on Race. http//www.aaanet.org/stmts/rac
  epp.htm

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Genetic Definitions of Race

• Differences in traits, such as hair and nose
  type, have proved of no value in making
  classifications of human beings.
• Similarities appear to be far greater than any
  physical differences including skin color.

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Legal Definitions

• There has been little consistency among the legal
  definitions of race.
• The state of Missouri made one-eighth or more
  Negro blood the criterion for nonwhite status.
• As recently as 1982, a dispute arose over
  Louisianas law requiring anyone of more than
  1/32 African descent to be classified as black.

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Social Definitions

• In the 2000 census people were able to declare as
  members of any one or more of five categories
• American Indian/Alaskan Native
• Asian
• African-American
• Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
• White

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Facts about Racial Intermarriage
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Facts about Racial Intermarriage
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The Concept of Ethnic Group

• An ethnic group has a distinct cultural tradition
  that its own members identify with and that may
  not be recognized by others.
• They adhere to customs, maintain similarity in
  family patterns, religion, and cultural values.
• They often possess distinct folkways and mores
  customs of dress, art, and ornamentation moral
  and value systems and patterns of recreation.
• The group is may be devoted to a monarch,
  religion, language, or territory.

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The Concept of Minority

• Louis Wirths definition of a minority
• A group of people who, because of physical or
  cultural characteristics, are singled out from
  others in society for differential and unequal
  treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as
  objects of collective discrimination.

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Question

• Which of the following would qualify as a
  minority group in U.S. society according to the
  sociological definition of the term?
• homosexuals
• the elderly
• people with disabilities
• all of these choices are correct

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Answer D

• Homosexuals, the elderly and people with
  disabilities would qualify as a minority group in
  U.S. society according to the sociological
  definition of the term.

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Prejudice

• An irrationally based negative, or occasionally
  positive, attitude toward certain groups and
  their members.

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Discrimination

• Differential treatment, usually unequal and
  injurious, accorded to individuals who are
  assumed to belong to a particular category or
  group.

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Institutionalized Prejudice and Discrimination

• Complex societal arrangements that restrict the
  life chances and choices of a specifically
  defined group, in comparison with those of the
  dominant group.
• http//www.nytimes.com/2012/10/15/business/aclu-to
  -sue-morgan-stanley-over-mortgage-loans.html?hp_r
  0

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Question

• The problems of racial prejudice and
  discrimination in U.S. society are over stated.
• Strongly agree
• Agree somewhat
• Unsure
• Disagree somewhat
• Strongly disagree

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Social Functions of Prejudice

• A prejudice helps draw together those who hold
  it.
• When two or more groups are competing for access
  to scarce resources it is easier to write off
  competitors as unworthy.
• Prejudice allows us to project onto others those
  parts of ourselves that we do not like and
  therefore try to avoid facing.

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Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Relations

• Assimilation - groups with different cultures
  come to have a common culture.
• Pluralism - development and coexistence of
  separate racial and ethnic group identities
  within a society.
• Subjugation subordination of one group and the
  assumption of of authority, power, and domination
  by the other.

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Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Relations

• Segregation - a form of subjugation, refers to
  the act, process, or state of being set apart.
• Expulsion - forcing a group to leave the
  territory in which it resides.
• Annihilation - deliberate extermination of a
  racial or ethnic group.

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Racial and Ethnic Makeup of U.S. Population, 2000
and 2050
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Cities With Large Hispanic Populations, 2000
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Cities With Large Hispanic Populations, 2000