Title: IPM Integrated Pest Control
1IPM Integrated Pest Control
2Klyn Nursery
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6Pine NeedleScale
7Spruce spider mite
8Fall Webworm
9Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Chemical
Biological
Cultural
10Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
A Definition
IPM is a process where the selection,
integration, and implementation of pest control
(biological, chemical or cultural) is based on
predicted economic, ecological, and sociological
consequences.
11IPM Principles and Concepts
Urban Approaches (for landscapes)
- Key Plants - plants prone to damaging pest
problems. - Key Pests - pests that can cause serious damage
or plant loss.
12IPM Principles and Concepts
IPM Core Concepts
- No single pest control method will be
successful. - Monitoring (sampling) of the pest is constantly
needed. - Mere presence of a pest is no reason to justify
action.
13IPM Principles and Concepts
IPM is NOT
- a biological control program
- an organic program
- a pesticide free program
- the most expensive approach
- the least expensive approach
14IPM Principles and Concepts
IPM is
- a decision making process that
- is based on ecological, economic and
sociological values/restrictions, - uses pest monitoring and sampling,
- and considers all of the control options.
15IPM Principles and Concepts
Traditional Approaches (based on crops)
- sample pest populations on a regular basis.
- develop pest economic injury levels.
- determine economic threshold levels (action
thresholds) for each crop and pest.
16Do you use IPM and not realize it??
- Use targeted applications?
- Look before you spray?
- Select least toxic pesticides? (soaps, oils,
Bt) - Keep records of pest activity?
- Practice turf health care?
17- Healthy Plants
- Friable soils
- Proper nutrient balance
- Proper soil pH acid vs. alkaline
- Proper root and crown spacing
- Ample soil moisture
- Proper soil temperature
- Proper light levels
- Pure air
- Free of insects and diseases
18Rate at Which Water Moves in the Soil
Soil Types Infiltration rates
(inches/hour)
Sand gt0.8 Sandy silty
soils 0.4 to 0.8 Loams 0.2 to 0.4 Clay
soils 0.04 to 0.2
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25SOIL From the Ground, Up!
Soil Properties
They are not independent they interact to
affect soil characteristics
Biological
Chemical
Physical
26Roots absorb nutrients as water carries it to them
27Growing Degree Days (GDD)
- A GDD is the measurement of the growth and
development of plants and insects during the
growing season and its direct relationship to the
maximum and minimum temperatures
28Long Road Farm Phenology Garden
January 13, 2006
29Phenology
- It is the study of cyclic events of nature
(plants, insects, and animals) in response to
seasonal and climatic changes to the environment - A base temperature of 50 DF is considered the
beginning of plant and insect development
30Calculating GDDS
- Daily maximum daily minimum temperature divide
by 2 minus 50 DF equals GDD for that day - 60 30 90 DF / 2 45 DF 50 DF, therefore 0
GDD - 60 45 105 DF / 2 52.5 50 DF, therefore
2.5 GDD - The OSU Plant Phenology website accumulates
GDDs, otherwise manual calculations must be
done
31Finding GDDS, Plant Insect Development
- OSU Plant Phenology Website is
- Http//www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/gdd
- Willoways Plant Phenology Garden is
- Http//phenology.osu.edu/gardens.asp
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33Yellow Sticky Traps
- A non toxic way to monitoring flying insects such
as leafhoppers, aphids, fungus gnats,
whiteflies, and leafminers - Used in the field and greenhouses
- The glue does not dry out, not affected by rain
and the traps will last until the surface is
completely covered by insects - Sticky traps are a useful tool to help detect and
diagnose potential problems and track changes in
pest numbers
(Clear polybutene material such as Stickem or
Tanglefoot glue)
34Phermone trap for borers
35Borer Phermone Traps
- Phermone traps consist of a sticky surface in
which a sex phermone is place to attract the male
moths - Phermone traps are useful in monitoring specific
pest species that are in the area - Traps are placed at least 50 feet away from each
other in addition to several locations in the
nursery. - There are specific lures for the Peach Tree
Borer, Lesser Peach Tree Borer, Lilac/Ash Borer,
Rhododendron Borer - These borers are generally specific for the plant
they attack
36Examples of Timing
- The Lilac/Ash borer and lesser peachtree borer
adults begin to emerge when common Lilac and
Vanhoutte spirea bloom (phermone is the same) - An exception to the life cycle is that the banded
ash borer emerge in August rather than May to lay
their eggs - The Greater Peach Tree Borer adults begin to
emerge when the Goldflame bumald spirea first
bloom
37Importance of this information
- Prompt spraying to prevent the insect from
attacking plants - Spray for borers after several adults are caught
- Spray for Ambrosia beetle with in 3 days after
observing a damaged tree or the beetle - Exception PLH, wait several days after adults
are caught since nymphs cause the damage to the
foliage
38List of Susceptible Plants
- Peach tree and Lesser peach tree borer
- Prunus spp., viburnum, betula
- Lilac / Ash borer
- Lilac, ash and privet
- Rhododendron borer
- Rhododendron, mountain laural, and decidious
azalea, willow - Banded ash borer
- Ash, aster
- Ambrosia beetle (fungus that kills the tree)
- Over 124 host plants. Prunus, magnolia, oak,
sweetgum
39IPM of Fungicide Usage
- Consult product label
- Pay attention to reapplication restrictions
- Look for sensitive plants on the label
- Use the rate recommended per 100 gallons of water
- REI
- Try to rotate fungicides after every application
40IPM of Fungicide Usage / Do Not rotate the
following fungicides
- Compass, Cygnus, and Heritage are related
strobilurons - Spectro (Dac 3336) / Daconil 3336 are similar
products - Chipco 26019 and Sextant are similar
- Banner Maxx, Systhane, Strike, and Bayleton are
sterol inhibitors - Cleary 3336, Fungo F, and OHP 6672 are similar
products - Camelot, Phyton 27, and Kocide are copper
containing products
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43NOTES While using the Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) approach, ALL control options should be
considered cultural, chemical and biological.
Many believe that most landscape plants can
defend themselves from most pests if the plants
are given proper care suitable location,
nutrition and food. Under these conditions, most
pests have parasites, predators or pathogens that
keep their populations below serious damage
levels. However, urban landscapes often cause
plant stress and intervention may be necessary to
reduce pest attack. In these situations, most
pest management specialists suggest using the
least intrusive methods plant health care and
low impact pesticides. These methods help
conserve biological controls.
44Keys to Successful Biocontrols
! Easy to recognize
! Easy to use
! Public acceptance
! Cost effective
! Shelf life
45Other Things to Consider!
! PLANT HEALTH CARE
! Consult replace pest-prone plants
! Use root uptake systemics
! Apply at BEST time, not when convenient.
! Consult customer wants to know what is
going on!
46Classic Biocontrols
47Chinese mantis, a common imported predator
48Convergent lady beetle eating aphids
49What is this?
50Wolf spider with egg mass
51Beetle larvae
Scales
Twicestabbed lady beetle larvae eating magnolia
scales. They look like mealybugs, the classic
wolf in sheeps clothing!
52Bigeyed bugs are common predators of turf
infesting pests, like chinch bugs. They also
occasionally climb up ornamental plants in search
of prey. They run and fly rapidly. They are
identified by having the head width as wide or
wider than the body width.
Damsel bugs are common on perennials and flowers
where they are generalist predators.
53These lace bugs are running away from a minute
pirate bug. These tiny bugs normally feed on
eggs and mites, but they will take on larger prey.
This predaceous stink bug is feeding on a pine
sawfly larva. These stink bugs specialize in
feeding on caterpillars and sawflies.
54Green lacewings lay stalked eggs so that the
cannibalistic larvae dont kill each other.
Green lacewings are very common in urban
landscapes. They should not be confused with the
plant pests lace bugs.
55Green lacewing larvae have curved mandibles.
Green lacewings pupate within small barrel-shaped
cocoons.
56Some syrphid maggots are elaborately colored and
have fleshy extensions along the body side.
This tiny maggot is the larva of the predatory
aphid midge. These flies feed on aphids and
spider mites.
57An anthomyiid fly feeding on a leafhopper nymph.
58Aphid wasps are small black wasps that lay eggs
in the bodies of aphids. Upon completing
development, the wasp larva causes the aphid body
to swell into an aphid mummy.
59This hornworm was parasitized by a parasitic wasp
with larvae that fed inside the body but they
have pupated on the surface.
This cutworm has parasitic wasp larvae that are
feeding externally.
60A bluegrass billbug adult (above) and Japanese
beetle larva (right) infected with Beauveria.
61Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Steinernema carpocapsae
VectorJTL, ExhibitJ, SaviorJ
S. riobravis
VectorJMC, DevourJ
S. scapterisci
BioControl'sJ Nematode
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
CruiserJ, ScanmaskJ
62Bacillus thuringiensis
Bt -endotoxins
Variety
Target
Examples
caterpillars
Dipel, MVP
Bt. kurstaki
caterpillars
Mattch
Bt. aizawai
mosquitoes
Vectobac
Bt. israelensis
leaf beetles
Bt. tenebrionis
M-one
(san diego)
scarab grubs
M-press
Bt. japonensis
(strain 'Buibui')
63Conserving Biological Controls
! Learn to recognize biocontrols
! Provide food and habitat
! Use least toxic chemicals
! Target chemicals WHERE needed
! Educate customer
! BE PATIENT!!
64Selecting Least Toxic Insecticides
! Soaps and Oils (kill by contact only)
! Use short residual products
! Use IGR-type products (very selective)
! Use chloro or thianicotinoids
! Use microbial products
! ??
65More Information?
http//entomology.osu.edu