Romantic Era: Industrialization

1
Romantic Era Industrialization

• Industrialization transformed British society in
  the 18th c.
• 1775 Watt's first efficient steam engine, much
  more efficient than the Newcomen.
• 1777 Grand Trunk Canal establishes a
  cross-England route connecting the Mersey to the
  Trent and connecting the industrial Midlands to
  the ports of Bristol, Liverpool, and Hull.
• 1779 First steam powered mills. Crompton's
  "mule" combines Hargreaves' and Arkwright's
  machines, fully automating the weaving process.
• 1786 Arkwright puts a Watt engine in the Albion
  cotton mill, Blackfriars Bridge, London.

2
Romantic Era Industrialization

• Industrialization transformed British society in
  the 18th c.
• 1787 Cartwright builds a power loom.
• 1789 Thames-Severn Canal links the Thames to
  the Bristol Channel.
• 1792 William Murdock (James Watt's assistant)
  lights his home with coal gas.
• 1793 Eli Whitney develops his cotton gin (a
  device to clean raw cotton).
• 1793-1803 Thomas Telford builds his two great
  iron aqueducts, over the Dee and the Cierog
  valleys.
• 1801 Robert Trevithick demonstrates a steam
  locomotive.
• 1803-22 Caledonian Ship Canal cuts clear across
  Scotland via the Great Glen.

3
Romantic Era Industrialization

• Industrialization transformed British society in
  the 18th c.
• 1807 Robert Fulton's Clermont first successful
  steamboat.
• 1811-15 Luddite riots laborers attack
  factories and break up the machines they fear
  will replace them.
• 1821 Faraday demonstrates electro-magnetic
  rotation, the principle of the electric motor.
• 1825 Marc Brunel invents a tunnelling shield,
  making subaqueous tunnelling possible.
• 1826-42 Brunel builds the first subaqueous
  tunnel, under the Thames.
• 1827 Berkeley Ship Canal connects Sharpness (on
  the Severn) to Gloucester.
• 1830 ManchesterLiverpool railway begins first
  regular commercial rail service.

4
Romantic Era Industrialization

• Industrialization transformed British society in
  the 18th c.
• 1831 Faraday discovers electro-magnetic
  current, making possible generators and electric
  engines.
• 1834 Charles Babbage develops his analytic
  engine--the forerunner of the computer. Fox
  Talbot produces photographs.
• 1837 Morse develops the telegraph and Morse
  Code. Great Western--first ocean-going steamship.
• 1838 Daguerre perfects the Daguerrotype.
• 1839 Fox Talbot introduces photographic paper.
• 1843 Great Britain--first large, iron,
  screw-propelled steamship.
• 1844 Commercial use of Morse's telegraph
  (Baltimore to Washington).

5
Mary Darby Robinson

• 1758-1800
• actress
• author
• mistress of George IV
• debuted for David Garrick as Juliet
• associated with Wordsworth and Coleridge in
  Lyrical Ballads

6
Robinson The Poor, Singing, Dame

• The summer sun gilded the rushy roof slanting,
• The bright dews bespangled its ivy-bound
  hedge,
• And above, on the ramparts, the sweet birds were
  chanting,
• And wild buds thick dappled the clear river's
  edge,
• When the castle's rich chambers were haunted and
  dreary,
• The poor little hovel was still and secure
• And no robber e'er enter'd, nor goblin nor fairy,
  
• For the splendours of pride had no charms to
  allure.

• Beneath an old wall, that went round an old
  castle,
• For many a year, with brown ivy o'erspread
• A neat little hovel, its lowly roof raising,
• Defied the wild winds that howl'd over its shed
• The turrets, that frown'd on the poor simple
  dwelling,
• Were rock'd to and fro, when the tempest would
  roar,
• And the river, that down the rich valley was
  swelling,
• Flow'd swiftly beside the green step of its
  door.

7
Robinson The Poor, Singing, Dame

• To the merry-toned horn she would dance on the
  threshold,
• And louder, and louder repeat her old song
• And when winter its mantle of frost was
  displaying,
• She caroll'd, undaunted, the bare woods among
  
• She would gather dry fern, ever happy and
  singing,
• With her cake of brown bread, and her jug of
  brown beer,
• And would smile when she heard the great
  castle-bell ringing,
• Inviting the proud to their prodigal cheer.

• The lord of the castle, a proud surly ruler,
• Oft heard the low dwelling with sweet music
  ring,
• For the old dame that lived in the little hut
  cheerly,
• Would sit at her wheel, and would merrily
  sing
• When with revels the castle's great hall was
  resounding,
• The old dame was sleeping, not dreaming of
  fear
• And when over the mountains the huntsmen were
  bounding
• She would open her lattice, their clamours to
  hear.

8
Robinson The Poor, Singing, Dame

• Three weeks did she languish, then died
  broken-hearted,
• Poor dame! how the death-bell did mournfully
  sound!
• And along the green path six young bachelors bore
  her,
• And laid her for ever beneath the cold ground!
  
• And the primroses pale 'mid the long grass were
  growing,
• The bright dews of twilight bespangled her
  grave,
• And morn heard the breezes of summer soft
  blowing,
• To bid the fresh flowerets in sympathy wave.

• Thus she lived, ever patient and ever contented,
• Till envy the lord of the castle possess'd,
• For he hated that poverty should be so cheerful,
• While care could the fav'rites of fortune
  molest
• He sent his bold yeomen with threats to prevent
  her,
• And still would she carol her sweet roundelay
  
• At last, an old steward relentless he sent her
• Who bore her, all trembling, to prison away!

9
Robinson The Poor, Singing, Dame

• Wherever he wander'd they followed him crying
• At dawnlight, at eve, still they haunted his
  way!
• When the moon shone across the wide common they
  hooted,
• Nor quitted his path till the blazing of day.
• His bones began wasting, his flesh was decaying,
• And he hung his proud head, and he perish'd
  with shame
• And the tomb of rich marble, no soft tear
  displaying,
• O'ershadows the grave of the poor singing
  dame!

• The lord of the castle, from that fatal moment
• When poor singing Mary was laid in her grave,
• Each night was surrounded by screech-owls
  appalling,
• Which o'er the black turrets their pinions
  would wave!
• On the ramparts that frown'd on the river, swift
  flowing,
• They hover'd, still hooting a terrible song,
• When his windows would rattle, the winter blast
  blowing,
• They would shriek like a ghost, the dark
  alleys among!

10
Robert Burns

• 1759-1796
• key figure of Scottish revival
• myth of natural poet
• heaven-taught plowman
• self-educated but well-versed in Scottish lit and
  folklore
• Green go the rashes
• Auld Lang Syne

11
Joanna Baillie

• 1762-1851
• Key figure part of the Scottish Literary Revival
  that occurred in this period and is associated
  with Robert Burns
• Worked largely in dramatic works
• Song Wood and married and a 217

12
Felicia Dorothea Hemans

• 1793 - 1835
• precocious daughter of Liverpool merchants
• died at 41
• very popular
• known for her pieces that became standard
  recitation pieces

13
Casabianca

• The boy stood on the burning deck
• Whence all but he had fled
• The flame that lit the battle's wreck
• Shone round him o'er the dead.
• Yet beautiful and bright he stood,
• As born to rule the storm
• A creature of heroic blood,
• A proud, though child-like form.

• The flames rolled onhe would not go
• Without his Father's word
• That father, faint in death below,
• His voice no longer heard.
• He called aloud'say, Father, say
• If yet my task is done?'
• He knew not that the chieftain lay
• Unconscious of his son.

14
Casabianca

• 'Speak, father!' once again he cried,
• 'If I may yet be gone!'
• And but the booming shots replied,
• And fast the flames rolled on.
• Upon his brow he felt their breath,
• And in his waving hair,
• And looked from that lone post of death
• In still yet brave despair.

• And shouted but once more aloud,
• 'My father! must I stay?'
• While o'er him fast, through sail and shroud,
• The wreathing fires made way.
• They wrapt the ship in splendour wild,
• They caught the flag on high,
• And streamed above the gallant child,
• Like banners in the sky.

15
Casabianca

• There came a burst of thunder sound
• The boyoh! where was he?
• Ask of the winds that far around
• With fragments strewed the sea!
• With mast, and helm, and pennon fair,
• That well had borne their part
• But the noblest thing which perished there
• Was that young faithful heart.

• Notes
• 1.Young Casabianca, a boy about thirteen years
  old, son of the admiral of the Orient, remained
  at his post (in the Battle of the Nile), after
  the ship had taken fire, and all the guns had
  been abandoned and perished in the explosion of
  the vessel, when the flames had reached the
  powder.