Advance Reproduction Physiology (Lecture 1) Isfahan

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Advance Reproduction Physiology(Lecture 1)

• Isfahan University of Technology
• College of Agriculture, Department of Animal
  Science

Prepared by Dr A. Riasi ariasi_at_cc.iut.ac.ir
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The syllabuses

• Puberty and sexual maturity
• Physiology of gamete production
• Hormonal and non-hormonal secretion of
  reproductive in male and female animals
• Physiology of pregnancy and embryo development

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The syllabuses

• Physiology of parturition
• Pheromones
• Abnormality of reproduction
• Reproductive immunology
• Recent advance associated with reproductive
  physiology

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References

• Reproductive in Farm Animals, By E.S.E. Hafez
• Reproduction in Dairy Cattle 12, By Gietema
• Improving the Reproductive Management of Dairy
  Cattle Subjected to Artificial Insemination, By
  IAEA-TECDOC-1533
• Review and Original Papers

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Puberty and sexual maturity

• Puberty is originated from Latin word pubscere
• Definition of puberty in female animal
• Age at first estrus (heat)
• Age at first ovulation
• Age at which the female can support pregnancy

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Puberty and sexual maturity

• Definition of puberty in male animal
• Age when behavioral traits are expressed
• Age at first ejaculation
• Age when sperm first appear in the ejaculate
• Age when sperm first appear in the urine
• Age when the ejaculate contains a threshold
  number of sperm

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Average Age of Puberty (Range)
Species Male Female Bovine 11 mo (7-18) 11 mo
(9-24) Ovine 7 mo (6-9) 7 mo (4-14) Porcine 7
mo (5-8) 6 mo (5-7) Equine 14 mo (10-24) 18 mo
(12-19) Human 13 yr 12 yr
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Puberty
Factors influencing on puberty
Hormonal
Genetic
Nutritional
Environment
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Factors influencing on puberty

• Hypothalamus is responsible for puberty onset

• In near to puberty age
• Sensitivity of the hypothalamic tonic center
• GnRH and gonadotrophins secretion
• Sensitivity of GnRH surge center in hypothalamus

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Factors influencing on puberty
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Surge
Tonic
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Factors influencing on puberty
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Male Brain Development
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Testis
T
E2
Blood Brain Barrier
Surge Center Does not Develop
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Female Brain Development
E2
aFP E2
Placenta
E2
E2
E2
Ovary
Blood Brain Barrier
Surge Center Develops
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Factors influencing on puberty
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Factors influencing on puberty

• At puberty time in goat and ram
• Testosterone secretion, spermatogenesis, mating
  behavior
• 2-3 months testis size, primary spermatocytes,
  seminiferous tubule
• 4-6 months First copulation/ejac/viable
  spermatozoa (40-60 of mature weight)

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Factors influencing on puberty

• Nutritional levels may influence on puberty age
• Blood glucose levels
• Blood fatty acid levels

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Factors influencing on puberty

• Onset of puberty may be linked to attainment of a
  critical body weight or a minimum percentage of
  body fat
• Serum leptin concentrations increased during
  puberty in the mouse, heifer, pig and human
  female.

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Factors influencing on puberty

• Leptin may serve as an important link between
  metabolic status and the neuroendocrine axis.
• Reports suggest that leptin does not serve as
  triggering signal but acts mainly as a permissive
  signal that permits puberty to occur.

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Factors influencing on puberty