animal anatomy and physiology

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ANIMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY????????????????????
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• Anatomy structure
• Physiology function

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CELLS

• Cells structure and physiology
• Cell membrane
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm

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Cells in the body
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Cell Anatomy
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Cell membrane
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Cell membrane

• Phospholipid bilayer
• Integral and peripheral protein
• Semipermeable
• Cilia,flagellum,microvilli

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Nucleus
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Nucleus

• Largest organelles in cells
• Control center of cells / brain of cells
• Contains the heredity information (DNA)
• Protein synthesis

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Nucleus

• Nuclear envelope nucleopore
• Nucleoplasm
• Chromatin DNA
• Nucleoli

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Cytoplasm

• Inner substance of cells,except nucleus
• Organelles little organs of cells

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Cytoplasm
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Cytoplsm
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Organelles

• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Peroxisomes
• Cytoskeleton

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Organelles mitochondria

• Powerhouse of cells produce 95 of energy
• Double membrane bound
• Cristae (inner membrane) increase surface to
  produce ATP
• Produce ATP(adenosine triphosphate) from
  respiration of cells ex. Krebs cycle
• Large quantities in muscle cells

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mitochondria
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Organelles ribosomes

• Scatter throughout cytoplasm and fixed on ER
• Site of protein synthesis

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Organelles endoplasmic reticulum

• Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) ER that has
  ribosome on outer surface
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) ER that no
  has ribosome on outer surface

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Endoplsmic reticulum
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Organelles RER

• Involved in the production of protein
• Transport protein from ribosome to golgi
  apparatus
• Connected to golgi apparatus passageway know as
  cisternae

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Organelles SER

• Synthesis and storage of lipids , phospholipid
  and steroids
• Large quantities in gland cells
• Liver cells eliminate drugs breakdown
  glycogen into glucose

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Organellesgolgi apparatus

• Network of connected flattened tubes or sacs
  stacked from ER
• Modifying and packaging substance from ER for
  secretion or internal use
• Lysosome formation

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organelles lysosome

• Vesicle filled with hydrolytic enzyme
• Digestion foreign body and nutrient
• Autolysis
• Phagocytic cells , digestive tract cells

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Organelles peroxisomes

• Containing enzyme that use oxygen to detoxify
  substance
• Detoxify molecules such as alcohol and
  formaldehyde
• Remove free radicals(from metabolism of cells)
• Liver and kidney cells

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Organelles cytoskeleton

• Protein in form of microtubules and microfilament
• Cells skeleton support and maintain cells shape
• Movement of cells

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Organelles cytoskeleton