Dr. ULKU YETIS

1
Course Development for the Nutrient Loads
Reduction Program TSC-BSU

• Dr. ULKU YETIS
• Middle East Technical University
• Ankara, TURKEY

2
Sources of the Nutrient Loads

• Domestic Discharges
• Industrial Discharges
• Solid Wastes
• Agriculture
• Atmospheric Deposition of Pollutants
• Run off

3
Prerequisites for the Course

• Design Regional - Adapt Local
• Address Different Priorities
• Be Flexible To Address To Different Target
  Populations
• Be Not Lecturer Dependent
• Address To Global Issues As Well As Specific
  Problems Of The Countries
• Attract The Trainees On The Title And Content
• Aim To Change The S/K/A
• Do Not Be Too Long
• Be Financially Feasible
• Do Not Compete With The Professional Activities
  Of The Target Group

4
Train Sea Coast Methodology
5
Common Interests in the Region

• Awareness building
• Sound fertilization techniques
• Organic farming
• Sound livestock and manure management

6
Constraints

• Different level of interests of the BS Countries
• Subsidies on the fertilizer and water
• Lack of cooperation between the farmers
• Level of income of the farmers
• Lack of public awareness on environment
• Different customs, regulations and agricultural
  activities
• Lack or failure of previous regional and national
  initiatives
• Bureaucracy

7
Approach

• Background
• Lessons learned
• Concept
• Do not transfer knowledge for a certain level /
  Fill the gaps in S/K/A
• Team
• Not directed by thematic experts but CDs
• Geography
• Not local but regional or global
• Methodology
• Train skills/teach knowledge/develop attitudes

8
What is the Problem?

• Nutrient Pollution in the Black Sea from
  Agricultural Activities

9
Who should we train?

• Farmers Leaders

10
What will be their duties and tasks?
11
Duty 1. Review current information on legal
policy and international arrangements

• Gather information
• identify and review new laws on regulations
• identify and review new products
• identify and review new technologies
• identify existing policy instruments
• Interpret policy developments for different
  stakeholders
• determine common ground applicable to all the
  stakeholders
• identify the impact of new policies, legislation
  relevant to the farming community
• adopt policy requirements into daily practice
• Identify roles and responsibilities of relevant
  stakeholders
• draw an institutional map
• identify linkages between government and
  non-governmental stakeholders
• diagnose weaknesses in current institutional
  arrangements

12
Duty 2. Analyze farmers concerns

• Identify and evaluate farmers inputs as regard
  to environmentally friendly agricultural
  practices
• Gather information
• Estimate and evaluate the future inputs
• Evaluate /- for those inputs
• Identify the accessibility to information and
  expertise
• investigate the sources of information
• Determine difficulties farmers facing in
  accessing them
• learn the inaccessible sources
• investigate non-known sources
• analyze the reason for being non-known
• Identify the market conditions and economical
  status of the farmers
• learn economical problems of farmers
• analyze inputs of market forces for farmers in
  the future
• Analize and changes in farmers economy
  because of the new practices
• Determine the level of environmental awareness
• determine environmental concerns related to
  agricultural activities,
• determine the degree of environmental awareness
• check the farmers reaction to changing the
  environmental practices in favor of environment

13
Duty 3. Teach environmentally friendly
agricultural techniques to farmers

• Learn the techniques of sustainable agriculture
• assessment of soil condition
• Plant growth management
• Irrigation
• Fertilization
• Pest management
• Learn techniques for organic farming
• assessment of soil conditions
• plant growth management for organic farming
• Irrigation
• application of biological agents for
  fertilization and pest management
• certification schemes
• Learn the techniques for arable/livestock farming
  and manure management
• animal husbandry techniques
• safe storage of manure
• proper manure application
• alternative sustainable uses of manure
• safe disposal
• Learn techniques for farming in sensitive areas

14
Duty 4. Evaluate the impact of the advisory
services

• Obtain farmers feedback
• Identify most suitable method and mechanisms for
  feedback collection from menu provided
• Implement the feedback method
• Keep records
• record advisory process
• keep media records on activity
• Report case studies
• select the best and worst case experience each
  year
• report the case
• Report on results
• make a summary report
• report

15
How to train them?
16
MODULE 1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICES

• Basic concepts of environmental pollution
• Impact of nutrients on environment
• State of Black Sea in terms of nutrient pollution
• History of past and ongoing efforts for pollution
  abatement in the Black Sea Basin
• Policy changes and legislative developments that
  will impact the farmers community
• Nutrient pollution from agriculture
• Overview of environmentally friendly agricultural
  practices
• History of the TRAIN-SEA-COAST Programme
• Courses purpose, objectives, methodology and
  structure.

17
MODULE 2 LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS

• Importance of gathering relevant information on
  key agricultural legal, policy and institutional
  issues in the Black Sea basin on a continuous
  basis
• Regional and national policy frameworks
• National institutional and legal framework
• Integration of new policy requirements into daily
  practice
• Ability to draw an institutional map and identify
  key linkages between governmental and
  non-governmental stakeholders
• Importance of conflicts and/or interests among
  stakeholders
• Weaknesses in current institutional arrangements

18
MODULE 3 FARMERS CONCERNS

• Farmers inputs to environmental friendly
  agricultural practices
• Current market conditions and economical status
  of the farmers
• Input of market forces (and impacts ) for farmers
  in the future due to the introduction of new
  farming practices
• Current level of environmental awareness among
  the farmer community
• Farmers concerns and attitudes regarding
  changing farming practices towards the protection
  of the environment
• Need to advice farmers on the availability of
  information and expertise
• Current impediments for the acquisition of data
  and information

19
MODULE 4 ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY AGRICULTURAL
TECHNIQUES

• Techniques of sustainable agriculture
• Techniques for organic farming
• Techniques for livestock farming and manure
  management
• Techniques for farming in sensitive area
• Techniques to control erosion and run-off drainage

20
MODULE 5 ADVICE, DEVELOP LEADERSHIP AND
COMMUNICATION

• To be imported from TSC Philippines
• and adapted for the BS Region

21
MODULE 6 EVALUATION OF THE ADVISORY SERVICES

• Importance of on-going communication with the
  farmers
• Most suitable mechanisms for feedback collection
• Importance of keeping records
• Extraction of abreast of success and failures in
  the locality/region
• Preparation of reports

22
Future Activities

• Nutrient Pollution from Agriculture
• Deliver the course in Turkey
• Translate it to the languages in the BS region
• Deliver the course in BS countries
• GPAS wastewater management course
• Translate to Turkish
• Together with GPA, deliver it in Turkey
• Participate in the delivery of the course in the
  BS countries.

23
Thanks for listening

• Have a clean Black Sea

24
Have a clean Black Sea