Presidents of the United States Leadership by Vivian N.

1
Presidents of the United StatesLeadership by
Vivian N.

• And this issue embraces more than the fate of
  these United States. It presents to the whole
  family of man, the question of whether a
  constitutional republic, or a democracya
  government of the people by the same peoplecan,
  or cannot, maintain its territorial integrity
  against its own domestic foes.
• --Lincoln, addressing a special
• session of congress in 1861

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Abraham Lincoln

• Lincolns election angered southern states
• was bold in assuming new executive powers
• decision to free the slaves and bring the black
  population into the war on the Union side
• September 22, 1862 issued Emancipation
  Proclamation
• Lincoln passed amendment to federal constitution
  outlawing involuntary servitude used all his
  powers to win approval for 13th amendment.

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Abraham Lincoln Cont
4
Andrew Johnson

• Granted amnesty to southerners in May 1865 on
  condition they swear loyalty to the United States
• Apposed passage of the 14th Amendment in 1866 he
  felt the bills provisions, which included
  citizenships for free slaves, invaded states
  rights
• Vetoed the Reconstruction Act and opposed bills
  limiting presidential power in 1867, angering
  Congress
• Consented to purchasing the Alaska territory from
  Russia for 7 mill in 1867
• Defied the Tenure of Office Act of 1867 by
  removing a cabinet member without senate approval
• 1868 impeached on 11 states

5
Ulysses S. Grant
Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant, but changed
his name because he did not like his monogram, HUG

• 1863 named major general in U.S. army
• 1864 named general in chief of U.S. army
• 1865 accepted the surrender of confederate
  general Robert E. Lee
• War hero, honest, upright man with no political
  talent, who gave up alcohol
• saved the stock market from collapse in Sept 1869
  by allowing the sale of 4 mill in gov gold.
• Signed the force acts of 1870 and 1871 to ensure
  the voting rights of blacks by making it a crime
  to interfere with civil rights
• Settled claims against Britain in 1872 for damage
  done during the civil war British-built
  confederate warships
• During Grants first and second administration,
  an aura of scandal surrounded the White House

6
Rutherford B. Hayes

• Ended the reconstruction period after the civil
  war by withdrawing federal troops from south
  Carolina and Louisiana in 1877
• Initiated civil service reform in 1877 by
  forbidding federal workers to manage or
  contribute to political campaigns
• Backed a sound-money policy by supporting
  legislation to make paper money redeemable in
  gold
• Hayess family held the first White House Easter
  egg roll for children, a tradition that continues
  today

7
James A. Garfield

• Supported the investigation of a postal scandal
  involving unlawful payments for U.S. mail
  services
• Strengthened federal authority over the New York
  Customhouse, the chief point of entry for foreign
  goods.
• Garfield could write Greed with one hand while
  writing Latin with the other.

8
Chester A. Arthur

• Restricted Chinese immigration to the United
  States through the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
• Achieved civil service reform with the signing of
  the Pendleton Act of 1883
• Supported increased funding for the U.S. Navy,
  helping to initiate its growth into a major
  military force
• Chester Arthur was fond of the fine clothes and
  entertainment earning him the nicknames Dude
  President, Elegant Arthur, and Prince Arthur.

9
Grover Cleveland

• Signed the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, which
  established federal regulation of railroads
• Preserved the countrys gold standard in 1893 by
  spearheading the repeal of the Sherman Silver
  Purchase Act of 1890
• Crushed the Pullman railroad strike of 1894 and
  prevented interruption of mail service by sending
  in federal troops
• Prompted the settlement of the Venezuela crisis,
  a border dispute between British Guiana and
  Venezuela resolved in 1895.
• Cleveland underwent a secret operation aboard a
  yacht to remove his cancerous upper jaw in 1893
• Cleveland paid a polish immigrant 150 to serve
  in his place in the American Civil War

10
Benjamin Harrison

• Signed the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which
  prohibited business associations that impeded
  fair trade.
• Authorized the coining of silver currency with
  the Sherman Silver Purchase act of 1890.
• Raised the import tariff to an all-time high with
  the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890
• Expanded the navy and the merchant marine
• Harrison was the only president whose grandfather
  had also been president

11
William McKinley

• Enacted the highest tariff in history in 1897 in
  effort to protect American jobs
• Oversaw the U.S. victory in the Spanish-American
  War (1898), which placed the Philippines, Guam,
  and Puerto Rico under U.S. rule.
• Signed the Gold Standard Act of 1900, which made
  gold the basis of the U.S. currency
• Sent troops to China to help put down the Boxer
  Rebellion of 1900.

12
Theodore Roosevelt

• Settled the Pennsylvania Coal Strike of 1902
  after threatening U.S. Army intervention
• Acquired the Panama Canal Zone in 1903 and began
  construction of the canal
• Established the United States Forest Service in
  1905 and set aside millions of acres as national
  forests and parks
• Earned the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating
  the treaty ending the Russo-Japanese War
• Launched the Great White Fleet of American
  battleships, which demonstrated worldwide naval
  power in 1907
• Roosevelts foreign policy was, speak softly and
  carry a big stick.
• Youngest president at the age of 42

13
William Howard Taft

• Enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act, overseeing
  the filing of 67 antitrust suits
• Increased the power of the interstate commerce
  commission in 1910 by placing communications
  companies under its control
• Signed the Publicity Act in 1910 requiring
  political parties to disclose the amount and
  sources of federal election campaign funds
• Divided the department of commerce and labor into
  two departments in 1913
• Encouraged dollar diplomacy, persuading U.S.
  businesses to invest abroad in order to expand
  the U.S. presence worldwide
• Taft weighed more than 300 lbs and had a special
  oversize bathtub installed in the White House.

14
Woodrow Wilson

• Lowered tariff rates and established a federal
  income tax with the Underwood Tariff of 1913
• Established the federal reserve system in 1914 to
  supervise and regulated banks
• Asked congress to de war on Germany on April 2,
  1917, after many diplomatic attempts to end world
  war 1
• Signed peace treaty with Germany to end World War
  1 in 1919
• Received the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize for efforts
  to end World War 1 and to established the League
  of Nations.
• Wilson allowed sheep to graze on the White House
  lawn during WW1 their wool helped raise money
  for the Red Cross.

15
Warren G. Harding

• Approved the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921,
  which placed the first U.S. quotas on
  immigration.
• Called the Washington Conference of 1921-1922, an
  international meeting aimed at restricting naval
  armaments.
• Appointed a cabinet secretary who later accepted
  bribes for federal oil field leases in the Teapot
  Dome Scandal
• First president to visit Alaska and Canada.
• Harding died of a heart attack after only 2 years
  in office.
• Harding was the first president to speak on the
  radio and the first to have a radio in the White
  House.

16
Calvin Coolidge

• Refused to approve plans for a government-operated
  hydroelectric plant on the Tennessee River in
  Alabama In 1927.
• Sent troops and diplomats to Nicaragua in 1927 to
  stop a revolt.
• Vetoes a farm relief bill in 1927 and again in
  1928 because he opposed government involvement in
  private enterprise.
• Supported the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, which
  unsuccessfully sought to outlaw war.
• Coolidges father, John Calvin Coolidge, a
  justice of the peace, administered his sons
  presidential oath of office in 1923.
• One of Coolidges personal mottoes was, If you
  dont say anything, you cant be called upon to
  repeat it.
• Coolidge had chronic stomach pain and required
  10-11 hrs of sleep and an afternoon nap every
  day.

17
Herbert Clark Hoover

• Signed the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929,
  farm relief legislation that provided for the
  purchase of surplus farm products
• Singed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which raised
  tariffs and contributed to the Great Depression
• Created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a
  federal body that lent money to banks, railroads,
  and insurance companies.
• Used tanks and troops in 1932 to break up the
  Bonus Army a group of WWI veterans who sought
  promised payment of war certificates.
• Hoover was the first president to have a
  telephone on his desk.
• The asteroid Hooveria, discovered in 1920, was
  named for Herbert Hoover

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

• Launched the New Deal, a wide-ranging domestic
  reform and recovery program to deal with the
  effects of the Great Depression
• Carried out a Good Neighbor Policy of concern
  for the rights of Latin American countries
• Signed the Lend-Lease Act of 1941, authorizing
  the government to provide military and economic
  aid to nations fighting against the axis powers
  in WWII
• Declared war against Japan and the other axis
  powers in December 1941 after Pearl Harbor was
  attacked
• Participated in the Tehran and Yalta conferences,
  devising WWII military strategy with the leaders
  of Great Britain and the Soviet Union.
• Franklin D. Roosevelt was related, either by
  blood or by marriage, to 11 former presidents
• Roosevelt was the first president to appoint a
  woman to his cabinet when he named Frances
  Perkins secretary of labor in 1933.
• In April 1939 Roosevelt became the first
  president to appear on television.