CHINA BASICS

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CHINA BASICS

• One-fifth of humanity
• Third largest country by area
• Fastest growing economy (soon to be biggest)
• Largest carbon emitter
• Biggest consumer of construction materials
• Worlds highest mountains
• Third longest and largest river
• Worlds driest deserts
• Largest mass migration in history (42 ? 60)

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NORTHERN FORESTS
Pobedy 24406ft
MONGOLIAN RIM
TAKLIMAKAN AND GOBI DESERTS
K2 28250ft
Muztag 25338ft
EASTERN LOWLANDS
TIBETAN PLATEAU
CENTRAL MOUNTAINS
Gonggashan 24790ft
Everest 29028ft
SOUTHERN UPLANDS
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Dongguan
Hong Kong
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Shang Dynasty1766 B.C. 1122 B.C.Capital --
Anyang

• magnificent bronze vessels
• horse-drawn war chariots
• system of writing
• elite class and peasant class
• tombs contain human sacrifices

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Zhou Dynasty1122 B.C. 256 B.C.Capitals
Xian, Louyang

• many semi-independent lords
• Confucius -- personal morality 500B.C.
• Laozi -- Daoism natural feelings
• warring states
• Iron, infantry, currency
• feudalism and land ownership

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Qin Dynasty221 B.C. 206 B.C.Capital Xian

• Qin defeated all their rivals
• Shi Huangdi, ruler in movie Hero
• First ruler of a united China
• Strong central government
• 7000 terracotta warriors in Xian
• Standardized writing

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Han Dynasty206 B.C. 220 A.D.Capital Xian

• Confucian values ingrained
• Han Wudi defeated the Huns
• Silk road route to Europe
• Paper invented
• Buddhism introduced from India

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Tang Dynasty618 907Capital Xian

• Xian 1,000,000 people
• Largest city in the world
• Traders, poets, scholars, artists
• Government bureaucracy
• Only female ruler Wu Zetian
• Eunuchs and political intrigue

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Song Dynasty960 1279Capitals Kiafeng,
Hangzhou

• Foreign trade, urbanization, navy
• Early ripening rice
• Movable type, printed books
• Civil service examinations
• Population 100,000,000
• Gunpowder, compass, porcelain

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Yuan Dynasty1279 1368Capital Beijing

• Mongols from the north
• Kublai Khan ruled harshly
• Ghengis Khans grandson
• Marco Polo visits from Venice
• Grand Canal repaired
• Empire from China to Europe

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Ming Dynasty1368 1644Capitol Nanjing,
Beijing

• Looked down on all foreigners
• Yongle moved capitol to Beijing
• Yongle Encyclopedia
• Great wall reinforced
• Forbidden city built
• First European missionaries

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Qing Dynasty1644 1911Capital Beijing

• Manchu foreigners
• Adopted Chinese ways
• All foreign trade via Guangzhou
• Missionaries cause havoc
• Lead to wars and rebellions

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Opium Wars1839-1842

• Trade imbalance with Britain
• Smuggled opium to China
• China seized opium, jailed Britains
• Britain declared war, easily won
• Britain got Hong Kong
• Access to Shanghai

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Taiping Rebellion1850-1864

• Lead by Hong Xiuquan who said he was the son of
  the Christian God
• Tried to exterminate Qing
• Capital at Nanjing
• West aids Qing to defeat Taiping
• 20 million deaths (US Civil 612,000)

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War with Japan1894-1895

• Disastrous loss for China
• Lost Korea and Taiwan

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Boxer Rebellion1900

• Yihetuan practiced martial arts
• Bloody attacks on westerners
• Secretly supported by Qing
• West puts down rebellion
• Qing publicly executes Boxers

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Dr. Sun Yat-sen1911-1925

• Worked to overthrow Qing
• Republic established 1911, Nanjing
• May 4th Student Movement in 1919
• China dedicated for missionary 1921
• War lords struggle for power
• Sun organizes Nationalists

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Chiang Kai-shek1925-1937

• Sun Yat-sen dies 1925
• Chiang Kai-shek ousts war lords
• Nationalist government 1928
• Mao Zedong leads communists on 6000-mile Long
  March in 1935
• Civil War

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World War II1937-1945

• Japan attacks Shanghai 1937
• Rape of Nanjing, 300,000 killed, denied
• Chiang Kai-shek in south, Mao in north
• 2,200,000 chinese dead
• Only USSR and Germany had more casualties

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The Peoples Republic1945-1949

• Civil war resumes after WWII
• Chiang Kai-shek supported by USA
• Decisive battle on Yangzi river
• Chiang Kai-shek flees to Taiwan with treasures
• Mao Zedong proclaims a new nation

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Mao Zedong1949-1976

• Rural reform (1 million killed)
• Great Leap Forward ruined economy
• 1960 famine (40 million died)
• Cultural revolution and Red Guard
• Destroyed art, books, temples, walls
• The Gang of Four became scapegoats

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Deng Xiaoping1978-1992

• Reversed many of Maos policies
• Modernization and economic reform
• To get rich is glorious
• Special Economic Zones (SEZ)
• One child per family
• 1989 Tiananmen Square (7000 killed ??)

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Jiang Zemin1993-2003

• B.S. Electrical Engineering
• Hong Kong and Macau returned 1997
• Socialist Market Economy
• Joined World Trade Organization
• Controlled media
• Urban-rural wealth gap

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Hu Jintao2003-2009

• B.S. Hydraulic Engineering
• 2008 Olympics
• Balance economic and social issues
• Harmonious society
• Peaceful diplomacy
• Scientific perspective

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2009 TIANANMEN SQUARE ANNIVERSARIES

• 20th Martial law imposed on students May 19 to
  June 4, 1989 democracy crushed
• 60th Mao Zedong pronounced The Chinese people
  have stood up on October 1, 1949 start of
  communism
• 90th First public protest by students during the
  May 4th Movement, 1919 end of dynasties