Jovian Satellites

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• Jovian Satellites
• Nick Gullickson
• Cody Conrad

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Io
Color enhanced

• http//www.nineplanets.org/io.html

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• Io Statistics
• Discovered by Simon Marius Galileo Galilei
• Date of discovery 1610
• Mass (kg) 8.94e22
• Mass (Earth 1) 1.4960e-02
• Equatorial radius (km) 1,815
• Equatorial radius (Earth 1) 2.8457e-01
• Mean density (gm/cm3) 3.55
• Mean distance from Jupiter (km) 421,600
• Rotational period (days) 1.769138
• Orbital period (days) 1.769138
• Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 17.34
• Orbital eccentricity 0.004
• Orbital inclination (degrees) 0.040
• Escape velocity (km/sec) 2.56
• Visual geometric albedo 0.61
• Mean surface temperature -143C
• Magnitude (Vo) 5.02

http//www.solarviews.com/eng/io.htm
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Io

• Closest to Jupiter of all Galilean Moons
  (422,000 km away from Jupiter)
• Mass and size of Io is very similar to our moon
• (Io,3.55 gm/cm3, moon 3.36 gm/cm3 )
• Io is active while our moon is not
• Surface is home to volcanoes and mountains 16km
  tall
• Mountain spew out sulfuric acid which causes the
  surfaces variety of colors
• Io is only 1 of the 4 moons that has an
  atmosphere

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Interior of Io

• Metallic (iron, nickel) core (shown in gray)
  drawn to the correct relative size
• Rock shell (shown in brown)
• Rock or silicate shell extends to the surface.

mosaic of images obtained by NASA's Galileo
spacecraft
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Europa
http//photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00502
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• Europa Statistics
• Discovered by Simon Marius Galileo Galilei
• Date of discovery 1610
• Mass (kg) 4.8e22
• Mass (Earth 1) 8.0321e-03
• Equatorial radius (km) 1,569
• Equatorial radius (Earth 1) 2.4600e-01
• Mean density (gm/cm3) 3.01
• Mean distance from Jupiter (km) 670,900
• Rotational period (days) 3.551181
• Orbital period (days) 3.551181
• Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 13.74
• Orbital eccentricity 0.009
• Orbital inclination (degrees) 0.470
• Escape velocity (km/sec) 2.02
• Visual geometric albedo 0.64
• Magnitude (Vo) 5.29

http//www.solarviews.com/eng/europa.htm
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Europa

• Second closest of the moons (671,000 km away
  from Jupiter)
• Scientist believe there is a possibility of life
  on Europa
• Smaller than Io
• Brightest of the Galilean, Albedo .62 compared
  to the dimmest of .2
• Surface is smooth looking, but contains large
  cracks in the icy surface
• Possible liquid water could be responsible for
  cracks as ice plates tend to move

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Interior of Europa

• Metallic (iron, nickel) core (shown in gray)
  drawn to the correct relative size.
• Rock shell (shown in brown). (drawn to correct
  relative scale)
• Water in ice or liquid form (shown in blue and
  white and drawn to the correct relative scale).
• Surface layer of Europa is shown as white to
  indicate that it may differ from the underlying
  layers.
• Galileo images of Europa suggest that a liquid
  water ocean might now underlie a surface ice
  layer several to ten kilometers thick.

mosaic of images obtained in 1979 by NASA's
Voyager spacecraft.
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Ganymede
http//www.nineplanets.org/ganymede.html
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• Ganymede Statistics
• Discovered by Simon Marius Galileo Galilei
• Date of discovery 1610
• Mass (kg) 1.48e23
• Mass (Earth 1) 2.4766e-02
• Equatorial radius (km) 2,631
• Equatorial radius (Earth 1) 4.1251e-01
• Mean density (gm/cm3) 1.94
• Mean distance from Jupiter (km) 1,070,000
• Rotational period (days) 7.154553
• Orbital period (days) 7.154553
• Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 10.88
• Orbital eccentricity 0.002
• Orbital inclination (degrees) 0.195
• Escape velocity (km/sec) 2.74
• Visual geometric albedo 0.42
• Magnitude (Vo) 4.61

http//www.solarviews.com/eng/ganymede.htm
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Ganymede

• Third closest of the moons (1,070,000 km from
  Jupiter)
• Largest of the Jupiter satellites, largest moon
  in the solar system
• Measures 5262 km in diameter
• Larger than Mercury
• Could be a planet if it orbited the sun
• Many craters, but not the most out of the 4
  Galilean
• Contains mountains, valleys, craters, lava flows
• Surface moves as it lies on tectonic plates

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Interior of Ganymede

• an undifferentiated mixture of rock and ice
  confirmed Galileo's measurement of Ganymede's
  gravity field during its first and second
  encounters
• a dense metallic core exists at the center of the
  rock core
• metallic core suggests a greater degree of
  heating at sometime and may be the source of
  Ganymedes magnetic field

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Callisto
http//www.nineplanets.org/callisto.html
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• Callisto Statistics
• Discovered by Simon Marius Galileo Galilei
• Date of discovery 1610
• Mass (kg) 1.08e23
• Mass (Earth 1) 1.8072e-02
• Equatorial radius (km) 2,400
• Equatorial radius (Earth 1) 3.7629e-01
• Mean density (gm/cm3) 1.86
• Mean distance from Jupiter (km) 1,883,000
• Rotational period (days) 16.68902
• Orbital period (days) 16.68902
• Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 8.21
• Orbital eccentricity 0.007
• Orbital inclination (degrees) 0.281
• Escape velocity (km/sec) 2.45
• Visual geometric albedo 0.20
• Magnitude (Vo) 5.65

http//www.solarviews.com/eng/callisto.htm
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Callisto

• Second largest, but furthest moon from Jupiter
  (1,880,000 km)
• Orbital period of 17 days, over twice that of the
  next in line (Ganymede 7days)
• Most Cratered of the moons and planets in the
  solar system
• Crust is estimated to be 4 billion years old
• No evidence of tectonic plates to resurface the
  crust
• Is home to the Valhalla which is a large impact
  basin that reaches 11 km across

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Interior of Callisto

• Icy layer (shown as a whitish band) that is about
  200 kilometers (124 miles) thick.
• Beneath the crust lies an ocean in excess of 10
  kilometers (6 miles) as indicated by the blue
  band.
• The premise of an ocean came from studying the
  magnetic fields around Jupiter and its moons. It
  was found that Callisto's magnetic field varies
  (flows in various directions at different times)
  in response to the background magnetic field
  generated by Jupiter.

• Galileo data suggests that the interior is
  composed of compressed rock and ice with the
  percentage of rock increasing as depth increases.

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Exploration

• Galileo at the end of its mission

http//www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/index.html
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How much do you know about the Galileo satellites?
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Question 1

• The largest of the four Galilean moons is
  ________ and is actually larger than Mercury.

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Question 2

• The most cratered of the Galilean moons is
  _______ and is the furthest away from Jupiter.

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Question 3

• ________ is the only one of the Galilean moons
  that scientists think could possibly sustain life.

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Question 4

• The Valhalla impact basin is located on
• ________.

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Question 5

• _________ is the closest moon to Jupiter and has
  tall mountains and volcanoes.

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Question 6

• ________ takes the longest to orbit Jupiter
  taking 17 days.

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Question 7

• ________ provided us with most of the information
  about the Galilean satellites.

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Question 8

• Europa has a _________ larger than the Atlantic
  and Pacific oceans put together.

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Question 9

• Galileo discovered the Jovian satellites in the
  year _______.

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Question 10

• The only satellite that does not experience tidal
  heating is ________.