War and Early Nationalism in the 15th Century

1
War and Early Nationalismin the 15th Century
2
Territorial shifts during the Hundred Years War
3
3 Main Phases of the War

• 1337 1360
• 1360 1413
• 1413 1453

4
3 Main Phases of the War

• 1337 1360
• English victories on land and sea
• Successful siege of Calais (significance?)
• Peace of Bretigny (1360) confirms English victory

5
3 Main Phases of the War

• 1337 1360
• English victories on land and sea
• Successful siege of Calais (significance?)
• Peace of Bretigny (1360) confirms English
  victory
• Some reasons for early English dominance
• Advanced administration and taxation
• English kings marriage to Flemish princess
• Defeat of enemies in Scotland (allies of France)

6
3 Main Phases of the War

• 1337 1360
• 1360 1413
• Incapacity of English kings
• Reorganized French army/navy strengthened
• English driven back to narrow perimeters
• Little military activity after 1380 (raids
  instead)

7
3 Main Phases of the War

• 1337 1360
• 1360 1413
• 1413 1453
• English victory at Agincourt (1415)
• English conquest of Normandy (1415-20)
• Marriage of Henry V to French princess
• Their son (Henry VI) was to rule England and
  France
• Alliance with Burgundy (1420)
• Son of French king disinherited

8
What kinds of new technologies affected late
medieval warfare?
9
What kinds of new technologies affected late
medieval warfare?

• Cavalry saddles and swords
• Castle/fortification
• Siege equipment
• Naval advances, warships
• Crossbows
• English longbows

10
Bow / Crossbow
11
Why was the English Longbow so powerful (ie, at
Agincourt)?
12
Keegan article on Agincourt

• What aspects of the battle most interest Keegan?
  Why?

13
Keegan article on Agincourt

• What aspects of the battle most interest Keegan?
  Why?
• What specific factors influenced the outcome of
  the battle? How do we know?

14
Keegan article on Agincourt

• What aspects of the battle most interest Keegan?
  Why?
• What specific factors influenced the outcome of
  the battle? How do we know?
• What would the sensory experience of battle have
  been, according to Keegan? And why is it so hard
  to write good military history?

15
What did the map of France look like after the
100 Years War?
16
So what turned the tide from English to French
success (c.1430-1453)?
17
Three Major Factors in French Resurgence (1429
1453)

• Civil conflict in poorly-governed England under
  King Henry VI (1422 1461)

18
Three Major Factors in French Resurgence (1429
1453)

• New alliance of France and Burgundy (1435)
  stripped England of its major continental ally

19
Three Major Factors in French Resurgence (1429
1453)

• Military leadership of the peasant Jeanne dArc
  (aka Jeanne the Maid/the Pucelle)

20
Jeanne (1412 1431)

• What were her origins? How do we know about
  Jeannes upbringing and early years?

21
(No Transcript)