Child Development Psychology 350

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Child DevelopmentPsychology 350

• Prenatal Development and Birth

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Prenatal Development

• From zygote to infant

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History

• Preformation
• Swammerdam claimed to see little animals and
  people inside sperm
• Wolff
• Concept of epigenesis
• Preyer
• Late 1800s
• Organ development in embryos
• Support for epigenesis

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Fertilization

• Sperm
• Eggs
• Fertilization
• Zygote

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Egg
Egg cell
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Sperm
Sperm cells
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Fallopian Tube Journey
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Germinal Period (0 2 weeks)

• Morula 3 days
• Stem cells
• Blastocyst 4 days
• Implantation 6 days
• About 50 fail
• Formation of placenta

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Embryonic Period (2 8 weeks)

• Tissue differentiation
• Neural tube
• Anencephaly
• Spina Bifida
• Major organs
• Formation of CNS
• Cephalocaudal
• Proximodistal

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4 weeks
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8 weeks
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Fetal Period (9 - 40 weeks)

• Ultrasound, amniocentesis
• Differentiation of CNS
• Organ system function

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Behavior, Sensory Development

• Spontaneous movement
• Early reflexes
• Audition, vision

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16 weeks
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18 weeks
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20 weeks
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24 weeks
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28 weeks
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32 weeks
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Fetal Memory

• Mothers voice
• Neonates prefer womens voices
• Prefer mothers voice more than other women
• Language
• Neonates prefer mothers language to foreign
  language
• Speech Rhythm
• Neonates prefer to hear familiar Seuss story to
  unfamiliar or other story
• Taste, smell

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Fetus and Placenta
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Teratogens

• Small molecules pass through placenta
• Drugs, chemicals, medications, illness
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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The Three Stages of Childbirth
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Birth

• Normal birth process
• Apgar test
• Neonatal appearance, parental reactions

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Birth Difficulties

• Caesarean section
• Birth trauma
• Low birth weight
• Premature
• Small for gestational age

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Next Week

• Brain Development