What Is Ground Penetrating Radar

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What Is Ground Penetrating Radar?

• A.P. Annan, Sensors Software Inc.

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GPR - Acronym for ground penetrating radar
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Topics

• Concepts
• history
• key physics
• instrumentation
• methodology
• examples

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1950s USAF
Ice
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1960s Nuclear Bomb Testing EMP Electro Magnetic
Pulse
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1970 Apollo Lunar Profiling
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Apollo 17 Surface Electric Properties
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1975 Arctic Pipeline GPR
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1994 - pulseEKKO 100
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1999 Noggin Smart Cart
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EM Fundamentals

• Material Properties
• Wave Properties

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Impulse Radiated Spectrum
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Relating Frequency to Spatial Scale
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Common Survey Types

• Single fold reflection
• multi fold CMP
• 3D reflection
• tomography (commonly borehole)

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Most Common Survey Method
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Idealized Response
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Example Reflection Survey
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Water Table Reflection
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Multifold CMP Measurement
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Field Operation CMP
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Typical CMP Data
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Velocity reduced from CMP
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Summary

• GPR relatively young
• technology evolution slow
• changes in last 5 years enormous
• method now gaining mainstream acceptance

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The End