Evolution of the Internet in the PostPC Era 19652010

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Evolution of the Internetin the Post-PC
Era(1965-2010)

• Randy H. Katz
• The United Microelectronics Corporation
  Distinguished Professor
• Computer Science Division, EECS Department
• University of California, Berkeley
• Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA
• randy_at_cs.Berkeley.edu

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Common Questions about the Internet

• Who invented the Internet?
• Who owns the Internet?
• How does the Internet scale?
• Is it safe to use the Internet?
• Where is the Internet going next?

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Evolution of the Computer
Red Herring, 10/99
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Evolution of the Computer
Proliferation of diverse end devices and access
networks
Red Herring, 10/99
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X-Internet Beyond the PC
Forrester Research, May 2001
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X-Internet Beyond the PC
Forrester Research, May 2001
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The Shape of Things NOW!

• Siemens SL45
• A cellular phone with voice command, voice
  dialing, intelligent text for short messages
• An MP3 player headset
• A digital voice recorder
• Supports Mobile Internet with a built-in WAP
  Browser
• Can store
• 45 minutes of music
• 5 hours of voice notes
• Unlimited addresses/phone numbers

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After the PC

• Not about gadgets or access technologies
• About services and applications
• Increasing, not decreasing, diversity
• Enabled by computing embedded in communications
  fabric

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Internet vs. Telephone Net

• Strengths
• Intelligence at ends
• Decentralized control
• Operates over heterogeneous access technologies
• Weaknesses
• No differential service
• Variable performance delay
• New functions difficult to add since end nodes
  must be upgraded
• No trusted infrastructure

• Strengths
• No end-point intelligence
• Heterogeneous devices
• Excellent voice performance
• Weaknesses
• Achieves performance by overallocating resources
• Difficult to add new services to Intelligent
  Network due to complex call model
• Expensive approach for reliability

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Internet Growth
The Industry Standard, 2 July 2001
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The ARPANet

• Paul Baran
• RAND Corp, early 1960s
• Communications networks that would survive a
  major enemy attack
• ARPANet Research vehicle for Resource Sharing
  Computer Networks
• 2 September 1969 UCLA first node on the ARPANet
• December 1969 4 nodes connected by phone lines

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ARPANet Evolves into Internet
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Parallel Backbones
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Network Cloud
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Regional Nets Backbone
Regional Net
Regional Net
Regional Net
Backbone
Regional Net
Regional Net
Regional Net
LAN
LAN
LAN
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Backbones NAPs ISPs
ISP
ISP
ISP
NAP
ISP
NAP
Backbones
Business ISP
Consumer ISP
Dial-up
LAN
LAN
LAN
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Core Networks Access Networks
DSLAlways on
Cable Head Ends
_at_home
Covad
Core Networks
ISP
NAP
Cingular
NAP
Satellite Fixed Wireless
Sprint
AOL
Cell
Cell
Cell
Dial-up
LAN
LAN
LAN
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Computers Inside the Core
DSLAlways on
Cable Head Ends
_at_home
Covad
ISP
NAP
Cingular
NAP
Satellite Fixed Wireless
Sprint
AOL
Cell
Cell
Cell
Dial-up
LAN
LAN
LAN
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Services Within the Network Content Distribution
Internet Grid
Parallel Network Backbones Internet Exchange
Points
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P2P Services in the InternetNapster, Gnutella,
Freenet,
Directory Service
. . . Steve Miller Like an Eagle Steve
Miller Space Cowboy . . .
Grid computing sharing resources/enabling
collaboration
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Services Within the NetworkStreaming Media
Broadcasters
Clients
Steve McCanne
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Scalable ServicesRedirection and Load Balancing
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Scalable ServicesDenial of Service
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The iMode Story

• 24 million Internet-capable cellular phone
  subscribers (7/01)
• Charge by data volume, not connect time
• NTTDoCoMo becomes worlds largest ISP!
• 4500 test 3G subscribers (5/01)
• Most frequent used apps
• Voice text messaging
• Animated cartoons special ringing tones
• Computer games
• Music/image distribution
• Japanese teenage girls driving the competitive
  development of new services!

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Common Questions about the Internet

• Who invented the Internet?
• Who owns the Internet?
• How does the Internet scale?
• Is it safe to use the Internet?
• Where is the Internet going next?
• How can I make money on the Internet?

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A New Kind of Internet
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The Post-PC Era

• Not about specific Information Appliances
• Services spanning access networks, to achieve
  high performance/manage end device diversity
• Builds on the New Internet
• Opening up of the connectivity cloud
• Embedding computing in the communications fabric
• Pervasive support for intelligent services
• Near you for faster access, more personalized,
  more localized
• Scalable to deal with surges in demand as needed

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