The Baroque

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The Baroque
Composed
Landscape
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The Baroque Composed Landscape

• It is one of the first early baroque composition
  in Bohemia of such an extent. Sometimes it is
  also called Wallensteins garden. When
  Wallenstein gained Jicín under his rule, he got
  to like the land of Jicíns basin so much that
  the town became the capital of his Frýdlant
  domain. With the help of the best Italian
  architects led by Giovanni Battista Pieroni he
  started to transform the land to his spiritual
  and power image that should have demonstrate the
  greatness of this military leader.
• The imaginary line, on which he built all
  important buildings, is seven kilometres long.
  This line should have made the meaningful
  connection of the castle Veliš, the cloister of
  Franciscans with the dome of the bishops
  cathedral in Jicín, then the lime alley from
  Jicín to Valdice, Loggia, Libosad and finally it
  runs round Zebín and finishes in Valdice in
  Carthesian monastery (that is situated in the
  circumference of the same circle like Veliš).
  This imaginary circle rotates round the church of
  St James in Jicín. If we lengthened this
  imaginary line and continued farther from
  Kartouzy, we would just slightly miss the hill
  Kumburk with the ruins of a former castle.

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• On this line we could also locate the Church of
  Virgin Mary de Sale with the cemetery in New
  Town. Unintentionally there also stands the Gate
  of Valdice, as if it shaded the Church of St.
  James Bigger. Wallenstein planned to pull it down
  but his intention defeated his death. As a part
  of his monumental reconstruction of the landscape
  should have been the redirection of the river
  Jizera so that it would come together with the
  river Cidlina and would flow around the city
  wall.

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• The meaning of the location of the buildings
  wasnt only spiritual and powerful but it should
  also symbolize harmony with universe and
  celestial bodies. When we look from the terrace
  of Loggia right at the vista through Libosad
  during winter soltstice, then the Sun rises right
  in front of you and later it sets behind the hill
  Veliš. During summer soltstice the Sun appears
  above Kartouzy in Valdice and then it sets behind
  Veliš.

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• Its exactly opposite with the Moon. If the full
  moon comes in winter soltstice, then the Moon
  will rise behind the monastery of Valdice and in
  summer solstice it will rise right in the vista
  of Libosad above arbour and it will set right
  behind the hill Veliš.

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The Carthesian Cloister in Valdice

• The Carthesian cloister (called also Kartouza) is
  one of the most important of its time. The
  complex of the cloister and the monumental church
  of the Anscension of Virgin Mary (in baroque
  style) is situated at the edge of the line of the
  landscape in the same distance from the church of
  St. James as the hill Veliš. The large building
  of the cloister and its gardens is marked off by
  the wall, which remains up to now. Nowadays
  Kartouza is used as a prison and former gardens
  are built up by new prison buildings.
• The beggining of the cloister dates back to 10th
  August 1627, when it was founded by Albrecht von
  Wallenstein. The building of the cloister was
  donated 10, 000 florins a year for ten years. The
  buillding started according to the plans of the
  architect Andre Spezza. After his death in 1628
  the project was taken over by N. Sebregondi. In
  1632 the first friars moved in. Speedily on 30th
  July 1632 the foundation stone of the large
  cloister church was laid. Side by side the works
  on Kartouzy and the church continued under the
  rule of Giovanni Pieroni. The minster was finally
  finished in 1668.

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Loggia, Libosad and the Lime alley

• This never finished complex of Walllensteins
  Loggia with Libosad (innitially called the garden
  of Valdice) is connected to the centre of Jicín
  by four lines of two kilometres long lime alley.
  It was planted in 1632 and it counts about 1150
  limes. The alley should have continued farther to
  Kartouzy in Valdice and this way the military
  leader shoul have been solemnly brought to the
  place of his eternal rest.
• The Loggia and Libosad were designed bz Nikola
  Sebregondi as a hunting sumerhouse. The building
  was realised between the years 1632 1634. The
  ground of the garden is composed as a triangle
  with lengthwise vista line coming from the
  summerhouse (a three-storey building with two
  rooms). The courtyard in front of the Loggia is
  made of a three wing building, connected with the
  Lime alley.

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The Church of St. James Bigger

• The church of St. James Bigger should have
  initially been the bishops cathedral. It is
  situated in the middle of the imaginary line of
  the baroque composed landscape. Under the terms
  of central European Mannerism and Baroque it is
  very important. Its plans were made after the
  year 1623 by Giovanni Battista Pieroni. The
  foundation stone was laid in 1627. However after
  the death of Wallenstein in 1634 the building
  works stopped and thats why it remained
  incomplete. Never finished were four towers and
  the central dome. In the year 1768 the church was
  renovated after the fire and also the planned
  connecting stairs were built.
• Nowadays the view of Jicín offers right in the
  centre just a torso of the monumental project of
  cathedral in the middle of the landscape. It is
  also the torso of one remarkable idea.

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Interiér sv. Jakuba
Stavba kostela s Jicínským zámkem
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The Church of Virgin Mary de Sale

• The church with the cemetery is situated on the
  line of the composed landscape. It was founded by
  Albrecht von Wallenstein according to plans of A.
  Spezza and N. Sebregondi in 1629. In 1630 the
  incomplete building was demaged by fire and after
  Wallensteins death it was interrupted. The
  church shoul have served as the cemetery
  sanctuary. Between the years 1662 1663 this
  one-nave building was completed in early baroque
  style. Next to the church there stands the statue
  of St. Juda Tadeáš from the year 1724 and the
  statue of St. Jan Nepomucký from the year 1820.
  Initially they graced the bridge between the Old
  and New Town.

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Veliš

• This dominant basalt hill lies at the beggining
  of the line of the baroque composed landscape.
  However today it is affected by mining. On its
  peak there used to stand a castle. According to
  the documentary evidence it was founded in 1316.
  Its initial appearance had been changed by its
  rebuilding in late gothic style. In the past it
  must have been very important building what is
  illustrated by the fact that Basel Compacts were
  placed there.
• Unfortunately the imperial council decided to
  pull the castle down as it was the base of enemy
  troops during the Thirty Years War. Most of the
  building disappeared and the only part that is
  still visible is a part of surrounding wall with
  the remains of two buildings. In 1628 Wallenstein
  planned to found the monastery of Minorites.
  However his lans werent realized.

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Albrecht Wenceslav Eusebius von Wallenstein

• Albrecht Wenceslav Eusebius von
  Wallenstein was born in 1583 in Hermanice near
  Jaromer. Since his youth he proved to be a
  capable military leader in Hapsburgs service.
  After the battle of White Mountain he was promtly
  promoted to higher ranks and in 1622 he became
  the military commander of Prague. A year later he
  became prince and got 49 domains and manors as a
  feud.

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• In the spring 1625 he became the chief leader of
  imperial army. Afterwards he became duke and his
  domains in the north-east Bohemia were proclaimed
  dukedom. In that way wallenstein created state
  in state. He was allowed to mint gold, promote
  others to noblemen. He set up his own courtly,
  building an military office and he published
  there his special laws. In 1630 he was discharged
  of his position of the chief military leader
  under the influence of plots of his opponents.
  However in 1632 the emperor asked him to come
  back and he became generalissimo. He fought
  against the Sweden in a bloody battle of Lützen.
  Swedish king Gustav Adolf was killed in this
  battle. Albrecht von Wallenstein was murdered by
  his own soldier on 25th February 1634 in Cheb at
  emperors instigation.

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The End
In 2005 made by those pupils Lukáš Valenta,
Adam Smolík, Lucie Samková, Jana Šulcová, Iva
Stožická, Jana Smolová, Katerina Vojtíšková and
Romana Zikmundová as part of the
Socrates/Comenius project.