Ch. 15: The Baroque World

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Ch. 15 The Baroque World
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Featured Works Berninis piazza at St.
Peters Carravaggios The Calling of
St. Matthew Handels Overture to
Fireworks Bachs Toccata and Fugue in
D minor Rembrandts The Anatomy Lecture of Dr.
Nicolaes Tulp John Donnes The Flea

• Terms
• Baroque
• Piazza
• Façade
• Chiaroscuro
• Aria, oratorio, overture, sonata, fugue, cantata,
  and orchestral movement
• Cogito, ergo sum
• Tabula rasa
• Metaphysical poets

Other Important Works Palace at
Versailles Borrominis church of San Carlo (in
Rome) Berninis David Gentileschis Judith and
Holofernes Scientist Galileo Philosophers
Descartes, Hobbes, and Locke
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Meaning of Baroque

• The Baroque period (17th c.) was largely an
  extension of Renaissance Humanism accompanied by
  continued religious controversy (Catholicism vs.
  Protestantism).
• The Baroque period is characterized by the
  increased emphasis on the individual. As your
  book says, baroque artists were united in their
  commitment to strong emotional statements,
  psychological exploration, and the invention of
  new and daring techniques that highlighted
  individual talents (359). Keep these general
  statements in mind as you focus on a few key
  people and developments.

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Architecture and Sculpture

• Bernini Sometimes the emotional/psychological
  emphasis of the period was expressed through
  grandeur, scope, and awe. His completion of St.
  Peters Basilica and of the creation of the
  piazza in front of it is one of the most famous
  examples of the Baroque spirit in architecture.
  (See next two slides.)

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• A similar example is the Palace at Versailles,
  built for the French king Louis XIV. What was
  the political function of this grandeur? (See
  also figures 15.17 and 15.1 in book.)

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• Borrominis church of San Carlo alle Quattro
  Fontane, in Rome, exemplifies the interest in new
  techniques and in a more elaborate, emotional
  architecture. Note the many visual elements
  crowded into a relatively small space.

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• Compare Berninis David to Donnatellos and
  Michelangelos. How does Berninis rendering
  exhibit Baroque characteristics?

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Painting

• For each of the paintings below, be able to
  identify its Humanist and its Baroque
  characteristics
• Caravaggios The Calling of Saint Matthew.
  (Define chiaroscuro.)
• Gentileschis Judith and Holofernes.
• Rembrandts The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes
  Tulp (1632, next slide).

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Music Instrumental and Vocal

• What, broadly speaking, is significant about the
  Baroque period for the history of music? (first
  two paragraphs on p. 378)
• Define music terms on second slide. (Remember
  that there is a glossary in the back of your
  book. You may wish to use other sources that
  provide more information.)
• For both Handel and Bach, record some key details
  about their musical careers and abilities.

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Science, Philosophy, and Literature

• Identify each mans cultural significance
  primary work and key ideas, explaining relevant
  terms from list in slide 1 and nationality.
• Galileo Galilei
• Rene Descartes

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• Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan
• John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human
  Understanding
• John Donne, a Metaphysical Poet, and The Flea.
  (Read poem on next two slides. Interpretation
  hint The speaker wants to make love to the woman
  to whom he is speaking, and his comments on a
  flea that has jumped on her are his way of
  persuading her.)

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John Donnes The Flea

• Marke but this flea, and marke in this, How
  little that which thou deny'st me is Me it
  suck'd first, and now sucks thee, And in this
  flea our two bloods mingled bee Confesse it,
  this cannot be said A sinne, or shame, or losse
  of maidenhead,
• Yet this enjoyes before it wooe, And pamper'd
  swells with one blood made of two, And this,
  alas, is more than wee would doe.
• Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare, When
  we almost, nay more than maryed are. This flea
  is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and
  marriage temple is Though parents grudge, and
  you, w'are met, And cloysterd in these living
  walls of Jet. (cont.)

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• Though use make thee apt to kill me, Let not to
  this, selfe murder added bee, And sacrilege,
  three sinnes in killing three.
• Cruell and sodaine, has thou since Purpled thy
  naile, in blood of innocence? In what could this
  flea guilty bee, Except in that drop which it
  suckt from thee? Yet thou triumph'st, and saist
  that thou Find'st not thyself, nor mee the
  weaker now
• 'Tis true, then learne how false, feares bee
  Just so much honor, when thou yeeld'st to mee,
  Will wast, as this flea's death tooke life from
  thee.