Life Cycle Nutrition

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Life Cycle Nutrition

• Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

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Learning Objectives

• Describe the phases of growth and development for
  infants, children, and adolescents.
• Describe various techniques to assess infant,
  child, and adolescent nutrition.
• Explain the consequences of undernutrition at
  varopis stages of growth and development.

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Learning Objectives cont.

• Illustrate determining factors relating to
  introduction of new foods in the infants diet.
• Explain recommended diet and practices from
  infancy through adolescence.
• Recognize the importance of establishing good
  eating habits early in life.

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Nutrition During Infancy

• Incredible Growth
• Wt. Doubles first 4-6 mo. And triples by one
  year.
• 100 kcal/kg (adult 40 kcal/kg)
• Growth Chart Use
• Energy and Nutrient Needs
• Protein, Vitamins, and Mineral requirements based
  on what is supplied by the amount of human milk
  that supports normal growth.

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Breast Milk

• The gold medal standard for most nutrient needs
  of infancy!
• Supplement routine varies Vitamin D, Iron, and
  Fluoride
• Immunological protection
• Allergy protection

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Infant Formula

• Formula or Breastmilk for minimum of 12 months.
• Formula composition/based on human milk
• Government standards in place
• Special formulas available
• Consider concentrations/water safety/Fl
• Nursing bottle tooth decay
• Introducing Cows milk at one year.

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Introducing Solid Foods

• When to begin.
• Food Allergies.
• Choice of Infant Foods.
• Foods with Vitamin C.
• Foods to provide Iron.
• Foods to omit.
• Food at one year.

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Meal time with Toddlers!

• Slower Growth
• Less nutrient needs
• A time of food habits being established
• Work and writing of Ellyn Satter
• Feeding, Child of Mine
• How to Get Your Kid to Eat, but Not Too Much!
• http//www.ellynsatter.com/

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Nutrition During Childhood

• Energy Needs
• Decline per kilogram body weight
• One year 1000 calories, 3-Yr 1,300
• 10 year old 2,000
• Vitamin and Minerals
• Provided by a balanced Diet
• Iron Deficiency a major concern/growth
• Meal Planning Pyramid Based

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Malnutrition and Hunger

• Hunger and Behavior
• Missing one meal negative behaviors and drops
  in academic performance
• Iron Deficiency and Behavior
• Impacts learning, memory, test-taking
• Malnutrition Lead
• Increased with malnutrition
• Pre-1950s housing
• Hyperactivity and Food
• Role of Sugar

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Problems and Considerations

• Increase in Childhood obesity
• Mealtimes at Home?
• Nutrition at School
• Use of Growth Charts

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Nutrition During Adolescence

• Growth and Development of the teen years
• Female growth spurt 10-11 years
• 6, 35 lbs mostly fat
• Male growth spurt 12,13
• 8, 45 lbs muscle and bone
• Energy and Nutrient Needs
• Males 4,000 calories not uncommon
• Females - lt2,000 calories
• Iron and Calcium concerns - female

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The Issues of Teens

• Food Choices and Health Habits
• ¼ or more food as snack
• Heavy beverage use sports drinks
• Eating away from home 1/3 or more
• Problems faced by Adolescents
• Marijuana, illicit drugs and abuse, risk- taking
  behaviors, pregnancy, violence, STDs

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Early Development of Chronic Disease

• Heart Disease
• Atherosclerosis, Blood Cholesterol, Blood Presure
• Physical Activity
• Diet Recommendations for Children
• NOT before 2 years
• Moderation, not deprivation
• Diet, not Drugs!
• Smoking

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