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Creating and Sustaining Diversity in the 21st Century:

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By 2050 it is projected that the U.S. population will be 50% 'minority' ... of blacks, whites, Latinos, and Asians say they have developed friendships that ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Creating and Sustaining Diversity in the 21st Century:


1
Creating and Sustaining Diversity in the 21st
Century Lessons from the Neighborhoods
2
Important time in U.S. history
  • We are becoming a more diverse nation
  • By 2050 it is projected that the U.S. population
    will be 50 minority

3
(No Transcript)
4
And there is increased acceptance of diversity
  • According to a 1997 Gallup Poll
  • ?61 of all Whites 83 of all Blacks in the
    U.S. stated that they would rather live in a
    neighborhood with both black and white families.
  • ?When Whites were asked if they would move if
    Blacks moved into the neighborhood in great
    numbers, only 18 reported that they would move.
    In 1967 this figure was 72.

5
Increased acceptance of diversity
  • A 1997 Boston Globe poll found that
  • ?Almost 90 of blacks, whites, Latinos, and
    Asians say they have developed friendships that
    cross racial and ethnic lines
  • ?Although many Americans still chose to live
    with their own ethnic or racial groups, strong
    majorities of all colors profess tolerance of
    other races and ethnic groups

6
Existence of stable, diverse neighborhoods
  • Racially, ethnically, and economically diverse
    communities exist in many cities
  • Bucking the stereotype that a diverse
    neighborhooda changing neighborhood
  • What factors contribute to stable diversity?

7
Research focusing on the positive story
  • Focus on policies strategies that have brought
    and can bring about stable diversity to urban
    neighborhoods
  • We know there is greater demand for diverse
    neighborhoods than there are diverse
    neighborhoods available
  • By presenting positive examples of stable
    diversity, we can short circuit notion that
    diversity is only a temporary point in
    resegregation

8
The Study
  • Coordinated by the Loyola University Center for
    Urban Research and Learning, the Policy Research
    Action Group, and the Leadership Council for
    Metropolitan Open Communities
  • A collaborative universitycommunity,
    researcherpractitioner effort
  • Funded by HUD

9
The study
  • Diversity is defined as how close each tract
    came to the whole citys racial and ethnic
    composition
  • Stable is defined as approximating this
    diversity for two consecutive census years (1980
    and 1990)

10
Which communities did we study?
  • Fourteen neighborhoods in nine cities

11
Place US map with studied cities here
12
Which communities did we study?
  • New York City
  • Jackson Heights, Queens
  • Fort Green, Brooklyn
  • Philadelphia
  • West Mt. Airy
  • Memphis
  • Vollintine-Evergreen

13
Which communities did we study?
  • Milwaukee
  • Sherman Park
  • Chicago
  • Rogers Park
  • Edgewater
  • Uptown
  • Chicago Lawn (Marquette Park)
  • Denver
  • Park Hill

14
Which communities did we study?
  • Houston
  • Houston Heights
  • Oakland
  • Fruitvale
  • San Antonio
  • Seattle
  • Southeast Seattle

15
Common Characteristics
  • Attractive Physical Characteristics
  • Mixture of types of diversity
  • Within blocks
  • Small pockets of racial/ethnic homogeneity
  • Presence of social seams
  • Residents awareness of their communitys stable
    diversity
  • Community-based organizations contributing to
    maintaining diversity

16
Common Characteristics
  • Moral or value-oriented component to community
    organization/institution involvement
  • Efforts to spur economic development
  • Common Challenges
  • transition from older to younger residents
  • addressing community disinvestment
  • community safety
  • schools

17
Common Challenges
  • Transition from older to younger residents
  • Addressing community disinvestment
  • Community safety
  • Improving quality of education

18
Two models of diversity
  • Diversity by Direction
  • Diversity by Circumstance

19
Diversity by Direction
  • Emerged out of civil rights movement of the 1960s
  • actively market themselves as diverse
  • developed an array of community
    organizations, social networks,
    institutional accommodations
    to sustain diversity

20
Diverse by Direction
  • Community-based organization intervention
  • promoting positive perceptions
  • affirmative marketing programs
  • monitoring fair housing laws
  • addressing quality of life concerns
  • Religious congregations play prominent role
  • Social seams well developed

21
Diverse by Direction
  • More political and financial resources
  • Working relationships with banks and real estate
    agents
  • Emergence of strong leadership within community
  • Bi-racial or bi-ethnic, rather than
    multi-racial/ethnic character

22
Diversity by Circumstance
  • Community has not worked directly to
    develop/sustain its diversity the
    community happens
    to become diverse

23
Diversity by Circumstance
  • Result of economic social processes not
    directly related to resident or community
    organization actions, such as
  • gentrification stalled by poor real estate market
  • establishment of port of entry for new immigrants
  • revitalization of adjacent areas/spill-over
    investment
  • transition because of aging population
  • development of affordable housing
  • Social seams not as visible or as strong

24
Diversity by Circumstance
  • Multi-racial and/or multi-ethnic
    diversity
  • Network of community organizations that
    represents different ethnic/racial group interests

25
Diversity by Circumstance
  • Lower median income
  • Affordable housing represents larger portion of
    housing stock

26
Diversity by Circumstance meeting the challenges
  • Religious institutions act as bridges between
    multiple ethnic groups
  • Developing efforts to weave together various
    ethnic and racial groups

27
Recommendations Conclusions
  • Develop strategies to strengthen community-based
    organizations
  • Establish regional networks of diverse
    communities
  • Create leadership training institutes
  • Public private agencies should earmark
    resources specifically for diverse communities

28
Recommendations Conclusions
  • Increased receptivity to new immigrant groups
  • Maintain or strengthen fair housing laws,
    anti-discrimination laws, the Community
    Reinvestment Act, other related state local
    laws
  • Government agencies should be proactive in
    promoting diverse neighborhoods

29
Recommendations Conclusions
  • The media should take an active role in telling
    positive stories of diverse community successes
  • Support public private programs supporting
    mixed-income developments
  • Business should look carefully at diverse
    communities as potentially strong markets
  • Bolster the quality of local schools
  • Promote efforts to improve community safety

30
Looking ahead to the future...
  • We can end the notion that the only stable
    neighborhood is a segregated neighborhood

Greenhouse/Boston Globe
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