Standard 3 Population Characteristics, Distribution and Migration

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Standard 3Population Characteristics,
Distribution and Migration

• Rajiv Thakur
• (Ph.D Student)
• Dept. of Geography, Geology Anthropology
• Indiana State University

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Background

• More people 6 billion
• Increase of population faster in the last 50
  years
• Population growth LDCs
• Overpopulation
• Population Clusters
• Sparsely Populated

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Contd.

• Density of Population (500 miles from coast!)
• So why the hue and cry about Population?

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As Geographers!

• Spatial Variations in the distribution,
  composition, migration and growth of population
• Scale
• Interacts Urban, Social, Historical Geography
• Population blurred! (Sociologists, Economists,
  Biologists)

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Contd!

• WW-II Impetus to studying population (George, P
  1951 Trewartha, G. T. 1953)
• Traditionally Narrow focus
• More quantitative
• Contemporary Comprehensive outlook
• particularly under the influence of Social
  theories gender, humanism, realism and
  postmodernism!
• -critical mixed methods, interactive

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GHW.3.1

• Distribution of World Human Population
• Change in Population Characteristics
• Population Density

• Spatial Variation
• Change over Time
• Spatial Distribution
• Human Environment Interaction

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Distribution of Human Population

• Population Concentrations
• East Asia
• South Asia
• Europe
• North Eastern America
• Sparsely Populated (dry lands, wet lands, cold
  lands!)

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Change in Population Characteristics

• How has the Worlds Population Increased?
• Three Revolutions that increased Worlds
  Population
• Agricultural Revolution 8000 BC
• Industrial Revolution 1750 AD
• Medical Revolution 1950

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Contd.

• Measuring how population changes
• Fertility and Mortality
• Natural Increase
• Doubling Time
• CBR
• TFR
• IMR
• Life Expectancy

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HIGHLIGHTS IN WORLD POPULATION 1 billion in 1804
3  billion in 1960 (33 years later) 5  billion
in 1987 (13 years later) 2  billion in 1927 (123
years later) 4  billion in 1974 (14 years
later) 6  billion in 1999 (12 years later)   
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Population Density

• Density
• Population Density
• Total number of people divided by total land area
• Physiological Density
• Number of people supported by a unit area of land
• Agricultural Density
• Ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of
  arable land

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Factors Affecting Pop Density
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Differential Population Growth Rates Why?

• The Demographic Transition
• Countries in Different Stages of Transition

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Explaining the Model!

• Stage 1Birth rate and death rate are high - low
  natural increase - low total population
• Stage 2 Birth rate is high - death rate is
  falling - high natural increase (population
  growth)
• Stage 3Falling birth rate - low death rate -
  high natural increase (population growth)
• Stage 4Birth rate and death rate is low - low
  natural increase - high total population

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Countries in Different Stages of Transition

• India Stage 2
• Nigeria Stage 2
• Australia 4
• China - Stage 2 to 3

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Is the World Overpopulated?

• Malthus on Overpopulation
• Population growth versus Food Supply

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GHW 3.2

• Push Pull Factors
• Resulting in Migration
• Change in factors

• Origins
• Change Over time
• Spatial Interaction

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Push Pull Factors

• Push Factors
• Political (political instability!)
• Economic
• Environmental
• Pull Factors
• Political
• Economic
• Environmental

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Examples

• Italian Immigration
• Germany (1700s 1830s)
• Bangladesh Refugees!
• Poland
• Irish Immigration!
• Scandinavians!
• Hispanics from South and Central America

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Migration

• How many times has your family moved?
• Was your last move traumatic or exciting?
• How did if affect your quality of life?
• So, What is Migration?
• (A change in residence intended to be permanent)
• Why do people migrate?
• Why do people voluntarily emigrate from a
  country?
• Why do people migrate within a country?
• Why are people forced to emigrate from a country?

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Change in Push Pull Factors

• European Emigration to the United States
• Waves of Emigration
• 1840s - 1850s (4 million Ireland Germany)
• 1870s - 1880s (joined by Scandinavians!)
• 1890s 1900s (Italy, Russia, Austria-Hungary or
  Eastern Europe)

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Contd.

• Changes in US Immigration Policy
• Changing Attitudes
• Quota Laws
• Guest Workers (Europe!)
• Origin Destination
• From Morocco, Algeria, Turkey, Tunisia
• Also from East European countries and Portugal,
  Spain to France and Germany
• Problems
• Poor social conditions cultural isolation

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GHW 3.3

• Migration and Change in Population
  Characteristics, Physical and Human Environment

• Change over time
• Diffusion
• Spatial Interaction
• Cultural Landscape
• Sense of Place

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Two Concepts

• Migration
• Permanent or semi-permanent change of residence
  by an individual or group of people
• Diffusion
• The spread of a phenomenon over space and
  through time

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Some Examples

• India China Brain Drain! To the US and Europe
• Palestinians Refugees to several Middle Eastern
  Countries since 1947
• West Bank Jewish Settlements 1947 to present
• South West Asia Economic Opportunities in West
  Europe
• Former Soviet Union Political and Economic
  Exchanges from former Soviet Satellites 1990 to
  present

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GHW 3.4

• Impact of Population Change on Physical and
  Human Environments

• Spatial Variations
• Change over Time
• Cultural Landscape
• Sense of Place

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Impact of Population Change on Physical and Human
Environment

• Human
• Overpopulation
• Pressure on Housing, and other civic amenities
• Environment
• Population pressure leads to pollution, demand on
  resources fuel, energy needs leading to issues
  likes global warming!

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Impact of Population Change

• Quality of Life Indicators
• Theme Parks
• Golf Courses
• Hotels
• Airports
• Forests
• Deserts
• Water

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GHW 3.5

• Population Trends, its Impact on Quality of Life

• Changed over time
• Spatial Organization
• Human Livelihoods
• Cultural Landscape
• Sense of Place

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• http//www.allencountyprofile.org/population.htm