APA StyleReview

1
APA Style--Review

• College of Business and Organizational Leadership

2
Zelda says.. Relax
3
Why APA style?

• Allows readers to cross-reference sources
• Provides a consistent standard across program
• Gives the student credibility as a writer and
  protection from plagiarism
• Help students be more critical consumers of the
  information they read and select

4
Format basics

• Margins One inch on all sides (top, bottom,
  left, right)         
• Font Size and Type 10-12-pt. font (Times Roman,
  Courier, or Arial are acceptable
  typefaces)         
• Spacing Double-space throughout the paper,
• Alignment Flush left (creating uneven right
  margin)         
• Paragraph Indentation 5-7 spaces         
• Pagination The page number appears one inch from
  the right edge of the paper on the first line of
  every page

5
Headings

• Level 1
• Centered Upper- and Lowercase Heading
• Level 2
• Centered, Italicized, Upper and Lowercase Heading
• Level 3
• Flush Left, Italicized, Upper and Lowercase Side
  Heading
• Level 4
• Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph
  heading ending with a period.

6
Headings

• Example of 2 levels
• Management Styles
• Authoritative
• Example of 3 levels
• Management Styles
• Authoritative
• Taylors Carrot vs. Stick Method

7
Citing summaries

• Summarizing condensing and restating anothers
  ideas in your own words
• Example
• Smith has written an entire book on how much she
  enjoys using APA format.
• Smith (2003) explains that APA is fun.
• APA is fun (Smith, 2003).
• Summarized information needs to be cited in both
  the text and the reference page

8
Citing paraphrases

• Paraphrasing restating anothers ideas in your
  own words
• Example
• Smiths direct quote on page 28 is as follow
  Using APA is great fun.
• Smith (2003) explains that APA is fun (p. 28).
• APA is fun (Smith, 2003, p. 28).
• Paraphrased information needs to be cited in both
  the text and the reference page

9
Citing quotes

• Use block quotes when citing 40 or more words in
  a row
• Wu (2002) has found self-fulfillment through APA
• APA citations have solidified my purpose and
  direction in life. Reading the Publication manual
  has helped me find structure and order in my
  chaotic, postmodern existence. As an instructor,
  one of my greatest joys is sharing this sense of
  order with others. (p. 174)
• WARNING Avoid over-using block quotes in papers.
  Keep quotations, especially block quotes, to a
  minimum. Instead, use summaries and paraphrases
  whenever possible.

10
In-text citations

• A direct quote (Bradley, 1998, p.276).
• Paraphrasing with one author (Bradley, 1998).
• with two authors (Bradley Calhoun, 1998).
• with three to five authors
• (1st time only) (Bradley,
  Calhoun, Davis Fitch, 1998).
• with three to five authors
• (following the 1st time) (Bradley et al.,
  1998).
• with six or more authors (Bradley et al.,
  1998).
• With no author, use the first
• identifying words of the title (The Journey,
  1998).

11
References

• Bibliography contains sources listed in the
  paper plus sources consulted in writing the paper
• References contains only sources listed in the
  paper
• Use reference pages

12
Books

• Drucker, P. F. (1990). Managing the non-profit
  organization Practices
• and principles. New York Harper-Collins.
• Herrington, J., Bonem, M., Furr, J. H. (2000).
  Leading congregational
• change A practical guide for the
  transformational journey. San
• Francisco Jossey-Bass.
• Title only first word of title, subtitles,
  proper nouns in caps
• City, state publisher
• Colon between place of publication and publisher
• Certain cities, no state or country needed

13
Journals

• From Electronic Database
• Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S.
  H.,Puklakos, E. D., White, L. A. (1993). Role
  of early supervisor performance. Journal of
  Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved
  October 23, 2000, from PsycArticles Proquest
  database.
• Hardcopy
• Wilson, J. (1996). Direct mail How to reduce
  your costs increase your results. Evangelism,
  10(4), 121-126.

14
Web Pages vs. Web Sites

• Web sites
• Summarized information obtained through reviewing
  an entire web site
• Cite the information within the text, but not in
  the references
• The APA Activists (http//www.apaactivists.org)
  website explains how students and professors can
  become more effective in promoting APA standards
  within academia.

15
Web Pages
16
Web Page

• National Consumers League. (1999). Helping
  seniors targeted for telemarketing fraud.
  Retrieved January 23, 2001, from
  http//fraud.org/elderfraud/helpsen.htm

17
Writing

• Avoid passive voice
• The fly ball was caught by Hernando
• Hernando caught the ball
• The transformer was struck by lightning, plunging
  us into darkness
• Lightning struck the transformer, plunging us
  into darkness

18

• Avoid be verbs (wordy)
• Burying nuclear waste in Antarctica would be in
  violation of an international treaty
• Use would violate

19
Resources

• Writing Center http//concordia.csp.edu/WritingCe
  nter/
• A writers reference book
• http//www.Dianahacker.com/writersref