FUNGI

1
FUNGI
2
FUNGI

• COMMON FUNGI EXAMPLES
• Mushrooms, yeasts, molds, morels, bracket fungi,
  puff balls

3
FUNGI

• GENERAL INFORMATION
• Primarily decomposers return organic matter to
  the soil
• Used to produce antibiotics like penicillin
• Used for food mushrooms, yeast
• Parasites plants and animals (athletes foot,
  ringworm)

4
FUNGI

• OVERVIEW
• Nonmotile organism than obtain food by
  decomposing organic matter
• Once considered plants, but contain no
  chlorophyll and are not photosynthetic
• Also unlike animals, therefore placed in own
  kingdom

5
FUNGI

• DOMAIN EUKARYOTA
• KINGDOM FUNGI
• General characteristics
• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic
• Have cell walls with chitin (different than
  plant, protist, and bacterial cell walls)
• May be unicellular but most are multicellular

6
molds
7
mildews
8
rusts
9
smuts
10
yeasts
11
mushrooms
12
GIANT PUFFBALL
13
FUNGI

• BASIC FUNGI BODY STRUCTURE
• Hyphae
• Individual filaments that contain cytoplasm and
  one or more nuclei
• Secrete enzymes to digest food
• Nutrients absorbed through cell wall

14
FUNGI

• Mycelium
• Entwined hyphae
• Most of fungus, under substrate (surface its
  growing on)

15
FUNGI

• FRUITING BODY
• Visible part
• Contains spore producing structures
• Like a mushroom cap

16
FUNGI

• FEEDING TYPES (NUTRITION)
• Saprophytic feed on dead matter
• Parasitic feed on living organisms

17
FUNGI

• HABITATS
• Need organic material, moisture
• Live almost everywhere, from polar icecaps to
  deserts to oceans
• Reach new areas through spores carried by wind
• Spores are necessary to find new food sources

18
FUNGI

• FOUR GROUPS OF FUNGI -- 81,500 species of fungi
  divided by structure and reproduction
• ZYGOMYCETES bread molds
• ASCOMYCETES sac fungi (morels, truffles, and
  yeasts
• BASIDIOMYCETES mushrooms, puff balls
• DEUTEROMYCETES imperfect fungi (penicillium)

19
FUNGI

• Common molds Zygomycetes
• Frequently found in soil or on dead animals or
  plants
• Hyphae lack septa
• Specialized hyphae
• Rhizoids that absorb nutrients and hold molds to
  their food source
• Stolons that connect groups of rhizoids together
• Sporangia produces spores during reproduction

20
FUNGI

• ZYGOMYCOTA gets its name from the tough spores
  produced during sexual reproduction

21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
FUNGI

• Sac fungi Ascomycetes
• Powdery mildews, yeasts, fungi in lichens, and
  morels
• Characteristic that links these are production of
  saclike structures called asci during sexual
  reproduction
• Asexually reproduction is rare

24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
FUNGI

• Club Fungi Basidiomycetes
• Mushrooms are club fungi
• Have a tendency to reproduce sexually
• Asexually reproduction is rare
• Three visible structures of mushrooms
• Stipe
• Cap
• Gills made from tightly packed mycelia
• Fruiting bodies are called basidia

29
Structure of Mushroom
annulus
stipe
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
FUNGI

• Imperfect fungi Deuteromycetes
• Reproduce asexually and NOT sexually
• Examples are athletes foot ringworm
• Example that is helpful is Penicillium because it
  make the antibiotic
• Spores called conidia come from hyphae called
  conidiophores

34
FUNGI

• ECOLOGICAL ROLES
• Decompose dead organisms clear out dead plants
  and animals
• Recycle nutrients

35
FUNGI

• ECOLOGICAL ROLES
• SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
• LICHEN --a symbiotic association between a
  fungus and a photosynthetic partner, usually
  a cyanobacterium or green alga.
• The fungi hyphae provide protection and hold
  moisture while food is provided by the
  photosynthetic partner.

36
(No Transcript)
37
FUNGI

• ECOLOGICAL ROLE -- SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP WITH
  PLANT ROOTS
• Mycorrhizae a symbiotic association between a
  fungus and plant roots.
• Over 90 of plants have fungi associated with
  their roots. The fungus absorbs and concentrates
  phosphates for delivery to the plant roots. In
  return, the fungus receives sugars synthesized by
  the plant during photosynthesis.

38
FUNGI

• ECONOMIC ROLE
• Used directly as food, or to make food
• Yeasts are useful in the making of bread and
  fermented drinks.

39
FUNGI

• ECOLOGICAL ROLE
• Some parasitic fungi are actually human pathogens
  causing athlete's foot and ringworm
• Some parasitic fungi are plant pathogens that
  destroy crops
• Produce medicine (antibiotics)

40
IMPERFECT FUNGI
41
IMPERFECT FUNGI