Public Speaking

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Public Speaking

• Chapter 7 Structuring Your Speech

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Objectives

• Upon completing this session, you will be able
  to
• Apply the principles of good form Simplicity,
  Balance and Order
• Structure the body of your speech
• Use transitions to link main points
• Introduce message using attention, credibility,
  previewing, and introductory techniques
• Develop an effective conclusion

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Structuring Your Speech

• Principles of Good Form
• Simplicity
• Balance
• Order

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Structuring Your Speech

• Principles of Good Form
• Simplicity
• Limit of main ideas
• Keep design direct and to the point
• No more than 4 main points for classroom speeches
• 9 ideas or organize into three related chunks?
• Divide into
• Main points
• Sub-points
• Sub sub-points
• State main points simply, in clear direct form
• Our approach is (repeated for each main point)

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Structuring Your Speech

• Principles of Good Form
• Simplicity
• Balance
• Major parts of speech (Intro, body, conclusion)
  receive appropriate development
• Body should be longest part
• If main points are equally important, equally
  develop
• Varied importance main points cane be arranged in
  ascending or descending order
• Introduction and conclusion should be about the
  same length

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Structuring Your Speech

• Principles of Good Form
• Simplicity
• Balance
• Order
• Follow a consistent pattern of order from start
  to finish
• Problem solution or solution problem order?
• Problem first.
• Its the way the mind works

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Structuring Your Speech

• Structuring the Body of Your Speech
• Manage the Main Points
• Select Main Points
• Arrange Main Points Effectively
• Decide on Supporting Materials
• To Select Main points
• Begin with a research overview
• What are the key themes in a variety of sources?
• How do these themes relate to your purpose and
  audience?
• Your main points will emerge from the position
  you take.

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Structuring Your Speech

• Arrange your main points to meet expectations
  The way people think.
• Similarity
• Proximity
• Closure

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Structuring Your Speech

• Arrange your main points to meet expectations
  The way people think.
• Similarity
• People expect things to be grouped together that
  seem to be alike. (Categorical Design)
• 3 major cause of
• 4 basic components of
• Grocery store example

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Structuring Your Speech

• Arrange your main points to meet expectations
  The way people think.
• Similarity
• Proximity
• How people are used to things being grouped
  together in time or space
• How things naturally occur
• How to Speech Steps (Sequential Design)
• Name 4 time Zones (Frame of reference)
• The wineries of Napa Valley (Spatial Design)

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Structuring Your Speech

• Arrange your main points to meet expectations
  The way people think.
• Similarity
• Proximity
• Closure
• The human mind needs things to be resolved
• We seek completion
• The whole story (Paul Harvey)
• VCR last 2 minutes/Heidi and The Super Bowl
• Two speech patterns that address closure
• Problem-solution
• Cause-effect

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Structuring Your Speech

• Adding Supporting Materials
• Facts, figures, testimonials, examples, and/or
  narratives
• Understanding enhancers
• Comparisons
• Contrasts
• Analogies
• Similes
• Metaphors

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Structuring Your Speech

• Supporting Materials to answer listener doubts
• What is the basis of that idea?
• Answer with facts/statistics
• How do you nowgt
• Supply testimony
• How does it work?
• Show an example
• So what? Why care?
• Use a narrative to explain

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Structuring Your Speech

• Main Point Support Model for Any Main Point
• The most important and relevant facts and
  statistics
• The most authoritative testimony offered by
  respected sources
• At least one story or example that clarifies the
  idea or brings it to life.

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Structuring Your Speech

• Using Transitions
• Show your listeners how your ideas connect with
  one another
• Point your listener to where you are going
• Help hold attention/build comprehension
• Use key words such as
• Another point Having looked at On the other
  hand In addition As a result Traveling
  north Consequently Turning to Finally .
• Internal summaries
• Brief, highlight points so far.

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Structuring Your Speech

• Introducing Your Message
• Capturing Attention
• Involve the Audience (Kennedy Quote p.194)
• Ask Questions (Care/Control - Use Rhetorical)
• Relate a Personal experience (Identity-others)
• Tell a Story (We like stories sets a mood/tone)
• Use Humor (Be careful and it must be related)
• Develop Suspense (Paul Harvey/anticipation)
• Begin with a Quotation (Respected or famous)
• Use a presentation Aid (Photos, props, purpose)
• Startle the Audience (Surprise gains attention)

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Structuring Your Speech

• Introducing Your Message
• Establishing Credibility
• Competence, likeability, dynamism Your ethos
• Allude to your research
• Mention personal experience
• Acknowledge variety of opinions
• Share feelings
• Treat listeners with respect and tact
• Confirm and strengthen with each speech
• Identification between yourself and listener most
  powerfully affects successful communication

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Structuring Your Speech

• Introducing Your Message
• Previewing Your Message
• Introduces the main points you will cover in your
  speech
• In Selecting and Using Introductory Techniques,
  Consider
• Audience
• Mood you want to establish
• Time constraints
• What you do best. Go with your strength!

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Structuring Your Speech

• Develop and effective Conclusion
• Summarize
• Main points you made
• A transition to conclusion
• Conclude
• Remarks to echo the introduction
• Similar kind of story or finish to a story
• Involve audience Remind them of whats at stake
• In a persuasive speech, urge action
• Ask rhetorical questions What will you do?
• End with a story, quotation or metaphor

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Summary

• Having completed this session, you are able to
• Apply the principles of good form Simplicity,
  Balance and Order
• Structure the body of your speech
• Use transitions to link main points
• Introduce message using attention, credibility,
  previewing, and introductory techniques
• Develop an effective conclusion