Communications

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Communications

• Introduction
• Language
• Nonverbal Communication
• Listening
• Public Communication

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Factors in Securing Professional Employment

• 1. Oral Communication
• 2. Listening Ability
• 3. Enthusiasm
• 4. Written skills
• 5. Technical Competence

• 6. Appearance
• 7. Poise
• 8. Work Experience
• 9. Resume
• 10. Specific Degrees Held

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Communication Principles

• Communication can be intentional or
  unintentional.
• It is impossible NOT to communicate.
• Communication is irreversible.
• Communication is unrepeatable.

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Communication Misconceptions

• Meanings are not in words.
• More communication is not always better.
• Communication will not solve all problems.
• Communication is not a natural ability.

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Characteristics of Competent Communicators

• A wide range of behaviors
• Ability to choose the most appropriate behavior
• Skill at performing behaviors
• Commitment

• Perspective
• Self-Monitoring

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Self-Monitoring
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Perception

• I am not what I think I am. I am not what you
  think I am. I am what I think you think I am.
  Bleiberg and Leubling

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Stereotyping

• Women are _________________.
• Men are ____________________.
• Hispanics are ________________.
• Teenagers are _______________.
• Dancers are _________________.
• Politicians are ________________.
• People with AIDS are __________.

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Cultural Differences

• Language
• Nonverbal behaviors
• Beliefs about talk and silence
• Eye contact
• Proximity

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Accuracy or Inaccuracy?

• We judge ourselves more charitably than others.
• We cling to first impressions.
• We assume others are similar to us.
• We are influenced by the obvious.

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Perception Checking to Prevent
Misunderstandings

• Describe the behavior.
• Suggest possible interpretations of the behavior.
• Request clarification about how to interpret the
  behavior.

• You said you really liked the job I did,
• But something in your voice made me think you may
  not be happy with it.
• How do you really feel about my work?

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Language is

• Symbolic
• Subjective
• Rule-governed

• Phonological Rules (sound)
• Syntactic Rules (arrangement)
• Semantic Rules (meaning)
• Pragmatic Rules (interpretation by context)

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Messages take on different meanings.

• Lets get together later.
• You look really pretty today.

• What does it mean if your friend says it?
• What does it mean if your boss says it?

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Impact of Language

• Identity
• Affiliation
• Power

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Abuse of Language

• Family Catches Fire Just in Time.
• 20 Year Friendship Ends at Altar.
• We never do anything fun anymore.
• You need to have a better attitude.
• These (those) people need our help.
• Its not bad . Its good.

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Taking Responsibility for It

• Im worried when youre late.
• Im glad to see you.
• Im bored in the class.

• It bothers me when youre late.
• Its nice to see you.
• Its a boring class.

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Taking Responsibility for But

• Youre really a great person.
• Youve done good work for us
• This paper has some good ideas..

• BUT I think we should stop seeing each other.
• BUT were going to have to let you go.
• BUT Im giving it a D because its late.

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I vs. You

• Youre always late.
• You need to have more discipline in your
  classroom.

• When you arent here by 730, I have to leave my
  duty station to cover yours.
• When you dont have a tardy policy, I have a
  hard time dealing with your referrals.

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Three Parts to the I Statement

• Describe the behavior When you dont turn in
  your grades on time...
• Describe your feelings about it I cant meet
  the deadline for data processing
• Describe the consequences for you and our
  student report cards will be late to parents.

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We vs. You

• You need to be more organized.
• You shouldnt be wasting time on that activity.
• You dont have control of your classroom.

• We need to work on a format for your daily
  lesson plans.
• I would like to see us focus more on the SS
  Standards.
• We need to figure out how to manage your
  difficult students.

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Three Bad Habits

• Fact/Opinion Confusion
• Fact/Inference Confusion
• Emotive Language

• Im casual.
• Youre a little careless.
• Hes a slob.

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Gender and Communication
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Gender and Language

• Content Women discuss relationships men
  discuss events.
• Reasons Women use conversation to nurture men
  use conversation to accomplish the job at hand.
• Style Women use questions and justifiers men
  use directives and interruptions.

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Nonverbal Communication

• No matter what we do, we give off information
  about ourselves.
• Nonverbal communication makes up 60-90 of our
  messages.

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Unintentional behaviors differ from deliberate
ones.
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Nonverbal communication is culture-bound.
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Nonverbal communication serves many functions.

• Repeats
• Substitutes
• Complements
• Accents
• Regulates
• Contradicts

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Types of Nonverbal Communication

• Body orientation
• Posture
• Gestures
• Facial expressions
• Vocal tones
• Touch
• Physical attractiveness

• Clothing
• Proxemics
• Territoriality

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Nonverbal communication is ambiguous.
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Deception

• Young people are better at uncovering lies than
  older people are.
• Women are more accurate than men at detecting
  lying however, women are more likely to fall for
  the deception of intimate partners than are men.
• We are more likely to be deceived by those we
  know well.

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When our nonverbal communication contradicts our
verbal communication, the nonverbal messages are
more powerful.

• What you do speaks so loud that the world cant
  hear what you say.

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Dangerous Mistakes

• Criminals select victims on the basis of the
  vulnerability shown in their posture.
• A tense posture indicates lack of power.
• Children, poor listeners, and people with low
  intellects do not understand sarcasm.
• Touch boosts compliance.
• We are more likely to obey people dressed in a
  high-status manner.

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continued

• Students are more responsive to teachers who
  reduce the distance between themselves and their
  classes.
• We grant people with higher status more personal
  territory.
• Low-status people must never make more important
  people wait.

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We spend more time listening than participating
in any other form of communication.
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Elements of Listening

• Hearing
• Attending
• Understanding
• Responding
• Remembering

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Everybodys talkin at me - I dont hear a word
theyre sayin - Only the echoes of my mind.
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Types of Nonlistening

• Defensive listening
• Ambushing
• Insensitive listening

• Pseudolistening
• Stage-hogging
• Selective listening
• Insulated listening

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Whos listening?

• 20 are thinking about sex.
• 20 are reminiscing about something.
• 20 are paying attention, but only 12 are
  listening actively.
• The rest are worrying, daydreaming, thinking
  about lunch or religion.

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Devils Dictionary - by Ambrose Bierce

• Bore - a person who talks when you wish him to
  listen
• Conversation - a fair for the display of the
  minor mental commodities, each exhibitor being
  too intent upon arrangement of his own wares to
  observe those of his neighbor.

• Egoist - a person of low taste, more interested
  in himself than in me
• Heaven - a place where the wicked cease from
  troubling you with talk of their personal
  affairs, and the good listen with attention while
  you expound your own.

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Why dont we listen?

• Message overload
• Preoccupation
• Rapid thought
• Effort
• External noise

• Hearing problems
• Faulty assumptions
• Lack of apparent advantages
• Lack of training

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How can we listen better?

• Talk less.
• Get rid of distractions.
• Dont judge prematurely.
• Look for key ideas.

• Ask questions.
• Paraphrase.

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Public Presentations

• Content (what you say)
• Delivery (how you say it)
• Media (what they say you said)

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Before you begin, you should know.

• Your purpose
• Your audience
• Your subject
• Your objective (in 25 words or less)
• Three major points
• How much time you have to speak
• How the program is arranged

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What should be written?

• Objective
• Main points in outline form
• Opening
• Closing

• Do not write out your entire speech.
• Do not read your speech.
• Use notes if necessary.
• Practice!!!!!!!

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Effective Delivery

• Use simple words
• Dont use lots of numbers
• Maintain eye contact
• Dont memorize
• Gesture and move naturally
• Channel nervous energy into enthusiasm

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Dealing with the Media

• Know who youre dealing with.
• Ask for time if you need it.
• Dont say anything you dont want to see in
  print.
• If you dont know the answer, say so.

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Transition Techniques

• Step I Take the question, let the questioner
  finish, and do not interrupt.
• Step II Use a transition phrase to revert to
  your own agenda
• Our main concern is
• Our top priority is
• What we are focused on is
• Close the interview.

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Use transitions to

• Avoid giving personal opinions.
• Avoid hypothetical statements.
• Avoid interpreting facts beyond your area of
  expertise.
• Avoid leading questions that detract from your
  public record or the integrity of your message.

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Other Good Advice

• Dont do interviews in your private office.
• Treat phone interviews just like formal
  interviews.
• Tape your interview if the situation is
  controversial.

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Never..

• Say no comment.
• Provide inaccurate information.
• Speak off the record.
• Volunteer unnecessary information.

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Always..

• Be brief.
• Be confident.
• Be positive.