Recipe for a Revolution

1
Recipe for a Revolution

• Historiography
• Theory of History and critical examination of
  sources

2
Beatles Revolution

• You Say You Want a Revolution
• Well, You Know
• We all Want to Change the World
• You Tell me that its Evolution
• Well, You Know
• But When you Talk About Destruction
• Dont You Know that you Can Count Me Out
• You Know Its Going To Be All Right
• You Say Youve Got a Real Solution
• Well You Know
• Wed All Love to See the Plan
• You Ask Me For a Contribution
• Well You Know
• Were All doing What We Can
• But If you Want Money From People With Minds That
  Hate
• All I Can Tell You is Brother Youll Have To Wait

3

• You Say Youll Change the Constitution
• Well You Know
• We All Want to Change the Land
• You Tell Me its the Institution
• Well You Know
• You Better Free Your Mind Instead
• But If You Go Carrying Pictures of Chairman Mao
• You Aint Going To Make it With Anyone Anyhow
• You Know Its Going To be All Right

4
Characteristics of Revolution

• Those who make peaceful revolution impossible
  will make violent revolution inevitable
• JFK
• "When the truth is buried underground it grows,
  it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force
  that on the day it bursts out, it blows up
  everything"
• Emile Zola
• French author and
• newspaper writer
• 1840-1902
• "O liberty! O liberty! What crimes are committed
  in thy name"
• Jeanne Manon Roland
• Girondists, executed
• by the guillotine
• 1754-1793

5
Social and Political Revolutions

• What happens to a dream deffered?
• Does it dry up
• like a raisin in the sun?
• Or fester like a sore
• and then run?
• Does it stink like rotten meat?
• or does it crust and sugar over
• like a syrupy sweet?
• Maybe it just sags like a heavy load
• Or does it explod?
• Langston Hughs
• 1951

Black Panther Hqs. 1969
6
Philosophies

• Fracois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire) Father of the
  Enlightenment or Reason
• Most famous work Candide
• Middle class
• Religious toleration
• Deism
• A mechanic created the universe and to Voltaire
  it was created like a clock
• Created by God and allowed to run without Gods
  interference or according to natural law
• Baron de Montesquieu
• French nobility
• 1748 published The Spirit of Laws
• Identified 3 basic kinds of governments
• Republics
• Despotism
• Monarchies
• Identified the English system as having three
  branches which functioned through a separation of
  powers and through this system limited and
  controlled each other by checks and balances
• Diderot
• The collector
• His Encyclopedia published collections of
  knowledge which were used against the old French
  societies by the new
• Rousseau (social contract)

7
Major Enlightenment Philosophers

• Montesquieu Father of Liberalism (protect rights
  of people against the government)
• Voltaire People delegate total power to
  the monarch
• Locke Checks and Balances
• Hobbes Father of the Enlightenment and
  social reformer
• Rousseau "The Social Contract"

8
Deism (watchmaker)

• One way of acquiring the notion of a being who
  directs the universe...is by considering ... the
  end to which each thing appears to be directed...
  When I see a watch with a hand marking the
  hours, I conclude that an intelligent being has
  designed the springs of this mechanism, so that
  the hand would mark the hours. So, when I see the
  springs of the human body, I conclude that an
  intelligent being has designed these organs to be
  received and nourished within the womb for nine
  months for eyes to be given for seeing hands
  for grasping, and so on. But from this one
  argument, I cannot conclude anything more, except
  that it is probable that an intelligent and
  superior being has prepared and shaped matter
  with dexterity I cannot conclude from this
  argument alone that this being has made the
  matter out of nothing or that he is infinite in
  any sense. However deeply I search my mind for
  the connection between the following ideas it
  is probable that I am the work of a being more
  powerful than myself, therefore this being has
  existed from all eternity, therefore he has
  created everything, therefore he is infinite, and
  so on. I cannot see the chain which leads
  directly to that conclusion. I can see only that
  there is something more powerful than myself and
  nothing more.
• Voltaire, From Chapter 2 of A Treatise on
  Metaphysics, second version, 1736. Translated by
  Paul Edwards
• Balances religion and natural law.
• The world embarrasses me, and I cannot dream
  that this watch exists and has no watchmaker

9
Thomas Paine

• "I believe in one God, and no more and I hope
  for happiness beyond this life."
• "The moral duty of man consists in imitating the
  moral goodness and beneficence of God manifested
  in the creation toward all his creatures. That
  seeing, as we daily do, the goodness of God to
  all men, it is an example calling upon all men to
  practice the same toward each other."
• "I trouble not myself about the manner of future
  existence. I content myself with believing, even
  to positive conviction, that the power that gave
  me existence is able to continue it in any form
  and manner he pleases, either with or without
  this body" (Age of Reason).
• "I consider myself in the hands of my Creator,
  and that he will dispose of me after this life
  consistently with his justice and goodness"
  (Private Thoughts on a Future State)
• "We believe in the existence of a God, and in the
  immortality of the soul."
• "Were man impressed as fully and as strongly as
  he ought to be with the belief of a God, his
  moral life would be regulated by the force of
  that belief he would stand in awe of God and of
  himself, and would not do the thing that could
  not be concealed from either. ... This is Deism."

10
THE ANATOMY OF 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY
REVOLUTIONS

• THE VARIOUS TYPES
• OF MODERN REVOLUTIONS

11
Political Spectrum
Moderate
Liberal
Conservative
Reactionary
Radical
12
Political Spectrum

• 1. moderate
• 2. radical
• 3. liberal
• 4. conservative
• 5. reactionary

• A. does not want to change existing conditions
• B. extremist who wants to turn back the clock
• C. wants far reaching changes
• D. sides with one side or the other
• E. stresses individual rights

13
FRANCE THE MODELvideo
14
Elements

• "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
• Tennis Court Oath
• Weapons obtained from the Bastille
• Leaders during different stages of the Revolution
• Act, Edicts, Declarations
• What is the conflict/Issue/problem
• Class conflict
• Desire for political representation
• Economic choice
• Opposing sides

15
Estates General

• 1st
• clergy
• 2nd
• nobility
• 3rd
• Everyone else
• Each had different needs and participated for
  different reasons and at different levels

16
Social Classes
17
What is the Third Estate?

• 1st. What is the third estate? Everything.
• 2nd. What has it been heretofore in the political
  order? Nothing.
• 3rd. What does it demand? To become something
  therein.
• Abbé Sieyès, "What is the third Estate?
  ("Qu'est-ce que le Tiers-Etat?"), January 1789

18
3rd Estate (mostly townspeople)
19
The Pathof theGreatFear
20
OLD REGIME LOSES CONTROL

• The state is economically weak if not bankrupt.
• Central government is ineffective and cannot
  enforce its rules and policies.
• New ideas circulate which challenge the older
  traditions.
• Vocally powerful and influential opposition
  arises.

21
La Marseilles
22
Traditional conservatives seek control

• The old social elites attempt
  to reassert their privileges.
• Some disaster rallies
  the forces, who oppose changes,
  seek control of the situation.
• Short-term event sparks a conflict.
• Government too divided and weak to suppress the
  conflict.

23
The Liberal to moderate phase

• Liberals create the constitution
• Broad general changes
• Immediate reactions
• Declaration of the Rights of Man
• Alter some of relics of feudalism
• Moderates deal with the issues
• Feudalism abolished
• Electorate expanded
• Reforms especially economics and political
  initiated.

24
REACTION
Sans coulottes with pants

• Conservatives stop reforms.
• franchise limited (participation via suffrage and
  access to those who are making decisions and
  policy)
• Conservatives attempt to hold the process
• Radicals feel too slow and conservatives trying
  arrest the development of the changes
• Radicals feel reforms too few
• Radicals mobilize their supporters

25
RADICALS SIEZE CONTROL

• Radicals take control.
• Radicals restructure state.
• Radicals initiate sweeping changes in the
  society.
• The radicals eliminate most old institutions
  completely.

26
RADICAL REIGN OF TERROR

• The Revolution Eats Its Children
• Opposition both foreign/domestic arises to
  challenge radical control.
• The radicals remove opposition often through
  violent methods.
• Radicals seek to institutionalize
  and spread their
  ideologies.

27
Reaction to the Reign of Terror Thermidor
(French month of July)

• Reactionaries overthrown radicals
• Reestablish moderate regime.
• Repress the more radical elements
• in a white terror.
• Abandon the more radical reforms.
• Return some of the privileges/policies of old
  regime.
• Lose touch with majority of population who want
  more reforms.

28
Corruption and demand for a strong leader

• Reaction to changes in society and laws and
  desire to revert back
• New institutions become corrupt
• Demand for new leadership and a leader, usually
  from the military arises and focuses opposition
  to moderates.
• Leader seizes control of the government, often
  ruling through the army.
• Leader blends conservative, moderate and radical
  policies.
• Leader establishes new, effective, stable, and
  generally popular institutions.
• Revolution ends
• Conditions for revolution either corrected or
  continue and the cycle of the revolution continue

29
Napoleonic Era

• Spreading ideas of the revolution and reaction
• Ends with defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815
• Congress of Vienna represents reactionary ideals
  and sets the foundation for attempts to revert
  back to policies prior to the revolution but the
  forces of the revolution are very strong
• The push pull of conservativism vs. liberalism
  continue throughout the 1800s

30
Revolutions

• Haitan Chris Emily Jin
• Greek Stephen Sam Alyssa
• Cuban Sarah Bryce Jennifer
• Chinese Matt Andy Jackie Kyrstin
• Russian Victoria C Justin Cody
• Mexican 1810 Boone Nada Alex R
• Mexican 1910 Edwin Joerdan Maddie
• Latin American Alex B Victoria S Taylor Nate

31
Revolutions

• Haitian Mercedes, Charles, Maryam
• Greek Lela, Joey, Ashonte
• Cuban Isabella, Talito, Dani
• Chinese Luke, Sarah M, Ashley
• Russian Peyton, Chris, Sarah W
• Mexican 1810 Evan, Michelle, Katie
• Mexican 1910 Harold, Emily
• Latin America Leslie, Justin, Kiersten

32
Revolutions

• Haitian Briggs, Nastassia, Vanessa B
• Greek Joey, Angel
• Cuban Jacob,, Mark, Brooke
• Chinese Brittany, Vanessa S, Eddie
• Russia Ivan, Ademaris
• Mexican 1810 Julian, Mary
• Mexican 1910 Sarah, Alex
• Latin America Kristin, Dustin, Zach