SPANISH-AMERICAN%20%20CONTRASTIVE%20ANALYSIS

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SPANISH-AMERICAN CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS

• by Don L. F. Nilsen
• and Alleen Pace Nilsen

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SPAIN, FRANCE, ITALY AND PORTUGAL
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SPAIN AND PORTUGAL
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Don Quixotes MindRocinante, Dulcinea, Sancho
Panza, Lance Windmills
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CODE SWITCHING

• L. Dabène said that in the case of the first
  generation, Code Switching is often used as a
  remedial strategy to incompetence.
• However in the second generation, code switching
  can fulfill different functions

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• It can enable the speaker to claim a personal
  identity.
• It can express a kind of complicity with the
  others or, on the other hand, it can reveal a
  strategy of divergence from the environment.

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• Code Switching can enable the speaker to comment
  about the language (metalinguistic use)
• Code Switching can also be used to comment on
  what has just been said (metadiscursive use).
• Or, finally, Code Switching can be used to change
  the type of interaction, to select other
  interlocutors or to switch from a dialogue to a
  collective exchange (metacommunicative use).

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SPANGLISH

• Spanglish is a new kind of slang finding its
  way not only into conversations but also into
  short stories, novels, popular music, comedy
  acts, and television sitcoms.
• Sprinkled through English sentences are such
  insertions as Que no?, Tambien, and Yo se.

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• Sometimes English words are combined with Spanish
  words, so that barber shop and peluqueria
  becomes barberia.
• Similarly, chilling out becomes chileando,
  and to park becomes parkear.

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HISPANIC NAMES

• In Spain and Latin America, if a girl were named
  Ana Maria López Garcia, she has two surnames.
  The first one is her fathers (López), and the
  second one is her mothers (Garcia).

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• If Ana Maria López Garcia married Gregoria Díaz
  Rodriguez, then she would write her name as Ana
  Maria López de Díaz.
• In Mexico, Ana Maria López de Díaz would go by
  her maiden name daily (Maria López Garcia), but
  on formal documentation she would identify
  herself with her married name (Ana Maria López de
  Díaz).

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• If she were to have a child, Alicia, Alicias
  full name would be Alicia López Díaz, keeping
  both her fathers and her mothers surnames.

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SPANGLISH TEST 1

• bacuncliner
• vacuum cleaner
• biper
• beeper or pager
• boyla
• boiler
• chileando
• chilling out
• choping
• shopping
• fafu
• fast food
• jangear
• hanging out
• joldoperos
• muggers, holdup artists

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SPANGLISH TEST 2

• liqueo
• to leak
• maicrogüey
• microwave oven
• pulover
• T-shirt
• roofo
• roof
• sangüiche
• sandwich
• tensén
• ten-cent store like K-Mart or Woolworths

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Phonological Differences 1

• English has 13 vowels Spanish has only 5 vowels
• Spanish is a syllable-timed language English is
  a stress-timed language
• Spanish /d/ and /ð/ are alaphonic as in duda 

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Phonological Differences 2

• English has a retroflex /r/ Spanish has a
  flapped /r/ and a trilled /r/ written as ltrgt and
  ltrrgt
• English has no velar fricative ltxgt or ltjgt
• Spanish doesnt distinguish between /c/ and /š/,
  or between /s/ and /z/

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Orthographic Differences 1

• Spanish ltllgt is pronounced /y/ Spanish ltlgt is
  pronounced /l/
• Spanish ltjgt is a velar fricative
• Spanish ltbgt and ltvgt are both the same (bilabial
  fricatives)
• Spanish has ltñgt for the /ny/ sound
• Spanish lthgt is not pronounced
• Spanish has a ltqgt but no ltkgt or ltcgt

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Orthographic Differences 2

• Spanish begins questions with ltgt and
  exclamations with ltigt
• Spanish uses a period for thousands, and a comma
  for a decimal English does the reverse
• Spanish uses for quotation marks, not

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Morphological Differences

• Spanish verbs are more highly inflected than are
  English verbs
• Spanish adjectives agree with the nouns they
  modify in number and gender
• Spanish has grammatical gender English has
  natural gender
• Spanish uses the definite article differently as
  in el señor Jones

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Syntactic Differences

• English adjectives come before nouns Spanish
  adjectives come after nouns.
• Spanish has pro-drop which means that a subject
  pronoun can be dropped English does not.
• Spanish has double negatives (No tiene nada)
  English does not.

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Semantic Differences 1

• Some English-Spanish cognates dont have the same
  meaning.
• Consider the following Spanish words actual,
  libraria, grocería, molestar, embarazada
  and principio.
• In English, these words mean present,
  bookstore, vulgarity, to bother, pregnant
  and beginning, respectively.

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Semantic Differences 2

• A single Spanish word can have more than one
  English meaning
• Spanish hacer means either make or do
• Spanish su means either his, her, or its
• Spanish en means either on, in, into, or
  at

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Semantic Differences 3

• Or, a single English word can have more than one
  Spanish meaning
• English time in Spanish can be tiempo, vez,
  or hora
• English hot in Spanish can be picante, or
  caliente

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In conclusion, consider these riddles

• Spanish plata means silver, Spanish oro
  means gold, and Spanish platano means
  banana
• Qué es come oro, pero plata no es?
• Platano es.

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• Spanish se parecen means similarity
• Spanish manzano means apple
• Spanish tren means train
• Spanish pera means pear
• Spanish espera means to wait
• En qué se parecen una manzano y un tren?
• No es pera. No espera.

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• Spanish estrellas means stars Spanish hay
  means are there Spanish cielos means
  heavens Spanish cinquenta means fifty
  Spanish sin quenta means countless
• Cuantas estrellas hay en los cielos?
• Cinquenta. Sin quenta

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• Spanish perezoso means lazy Spanish mundo
  means world Spanish nada means both nothing
  and it swims
• Cual animal es el mas perezoso del mundo?
• El pez.
• Qué hace el pez?
• Nada.