H

1
Practice exam for test 2, CHM130 Ken Costello,
instructor
S
C
O
P
Building Blocks
N
H
Write down the type of organic compounds built
from the elements indicated
Hydrocarbons
Carbohydrates Lipids
Amino acids proteins
More amino acids proteins
RNA, DNA
Match images to polyatomic ion sulfite__
sulfate__,__ nitrate__,__ chlorate__
hypochlorite__ ammonium__,__ cyanide__
A
E
D
B
C
H
J
F
G
I
C
A
D
B
J
E
G
H
F
I
Write the formula for the following polyatomic
ions (include the charge).
CN-SO32-SO42-CO32-
Cyanide _________Sulfite _________Sulfate
_________Carbonate _________
NO2-NO3-NH4PO43-
ClO4-ClO3-ClO2-ClO-
Perchlorate ________Chlorate
________Chlorite ________Hypochlorite ________
Nitrite _________Nitrate _________Ammonium
_________Phosphate _________
Zinc 2
Write the correct formula for the following
compounds
Silver1
NH4NO3 CaSO4 Na2SO3 CaCO3
KNO3 Ca(NO3)2 Mg(ClO3)2 HCN
Formula
Potassium nitrate ___________ Calcium nitrate
___________ Magnesium chlorate
__________ Hydrogen cyanide ___________
Ammonium nitrate _________ Calcium sulfate
____________ Sodium sulfite _____________ Calciu
m carbonate __________
Formula
Formula
Formula
Iron3
2
Metric facts 1 meter was originally defined as
the distance from equator to north pole divided
by? 10 million One tenth of a meter is called a
decimeter How many centimeters (cm) in one meter?
100 How many millimeters (mm) in one meter?
1000 The volume of 1,000 cubic centimeters (cm3
or cc) is called a liter. How many milliliters
(mL) are in a liter? 1000 A milliliter (mL) is
what fraction of a liter? 1 thousandth A
milliliter is how many cubic centimeters? 1 A
cubic centimeter of water has the mass of how
many grams? 1 A liter of water has the mass of
how many grams? 1000
Complete the below conversions
Complete the below dimensional analysis problems
Starting units
End units
equal
Rate
Answer
Quantity
0.15 meters
15 centimeters
1 centi
100 miles
2000 miles
20 hours
.01
hour
4 lbs.
1816 grams
Answer
454 g
Quantity
equal
Rate
20 grams
0.5 grams
25 mL
1 Liter
1 lb.
1000 mL
Liter
0.25 Liters
250 milliliters
1 milli
Rate
Qty
Qty
Answer
equal
.001
1 cal
101 g
1 kilo
1.01 kcal
10 OC
30 inches
76.2 cm
2.54 cm
gOC
1000
1 inch
Its December and you want to heat up your pool.
It is currently 50oF (10oC) and you want it
raised to 80oF (27oC) Using an electric heater,
how much will it cost if 1 kilowatt-hour is 10
cents? The pool is 7.0 meters long, 5.0 meters
wide and 2.0 meters deep. A. Whats the volume
in cubic meters? ______ B. What is the volume in
cubic centimeters?___________ C. What is the
total grams of the water? ____________
SPECIFIC HEAT
7.0m x 5.0m x 2.0m 70. m3
70 m3 x 100cm/mx100cm/mx100cm/m 70,000,000 cm3
since 1cm3 water1 g ? 70,000,000 grams
A calorie is defined as the energy needed
to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius.
D. How many calories will it take to raise the
pool water from 10oC to 27oC? _______________ E.
1 calorie 1.2 x 10-6 kilowatts hours. How
many kilowatt-hours will you need?
____________ F. How much will it cost to heat
the pool from 50oF (10oC) to 80oF (27oC)?
_______________
70,000,000 grams 17oC 1 calorie
1,190,000,000 calories or 1.19x109 calories
g. oC
1.19x109 calories 1.2x10-6 kilowatt-hrs
1.428x103 kilowatt-hours
1 calorie
1.428x103 kilowatt-hours 0.10    
142.80 gt 140
kilowatt-hr
3
1
Abundance of elements in the Earths crust
The website, www.webelements.com provides these
3-d graphs of abundance of elements. What
elements predominate the Earths crust?1.
2.3. 4.5. 6. 7.
2
3
4
6
7
5
8
This galaxy is measured to be 30,000,000,000,000,0
00,000 miles away and traveling 2,000,000,000
miles per year directly away from us. How far
was it from us 15,000,000,000 years ago? (dvt)
___________________
Abundance of Hydrogen in ppb by wt Log ppb by atoms
Universe 750,000,000 75 8.88 930,000,000 93
Earths crust 1,500,000 0.15 6.18 310,000,000 31
Sea water 107,800,000 11 8.03 662,000,000 66
Human 100,000,000 10 8.00 620,000,000 62
What does ppb mean? ________________

1. How do explain that 11 of the weight of sea
   water is hydrogen, but 66 of the number of atoms
   in sea water is hydrogen? Hydrogen is very
   light, so it takes more of them to compete by
   weight.
2. In humans, hydrogen make up 10 of its weight and
   62 out of 100 atoms in the body. What compounds
   in the body have hydrogen?Water, lipids, sugars,
   carbohydrates, proteins.
3. What does the log of 8 mean? It means 10 to the
   8th power or 100,000,000

Fused for Nuclear Fuel Main Products Temperature
Hydrogen (H) 4He 4 million K
Helium (4He) 12C 150 million K
Carbon (12C) 16O, 20Ne, 24Mg 1 billion K
Neon (20Ne) 24Mg 2 billion K
Oxygen (16O) 28Si, 32S 3 billion K
Silicon(28Si) 56Fe, 56Ni 4 billion K
Fused during neutron core explosion All elements less than Fe 10-100 billion K
Created from neutron capture in Supernova All elements heavier than Fe 4 billion K

1. What does the 12 mean in 12C? It is the total
   of protons and neutrons in this isotope of
   carbon.
2. What temperature is oxygen created from carbon?
   And what other element is needed? 1 billion
   degrees Kelvin, and helium is fused to the
   carbon.
3. Alchemists tried to turn common metals into gold
   and there are plenty of websites still saying
   they can do that. They could if they did what?
   Placed common metals in a supernova, or bombard
   metals with high energy neutrons.

4
Zinc is used to protect iron in contact with
salty water. What kind of reaction does
this?And balance the equation.
Single Replacement Reaction
3Zn 2FeCl3 2Fe 3ZnCl2
Lye (sodium hydroxide-NaOH) is very corrosive.
Acetic acid can be used to neutralize it. The
acid from the acetic acid and the hydroxide from
lye form what compound? ___________
Water
O
O
What kind of reaction is this?
NaOH CH3COH CH3CONa HOH
Double replacement
_____________
Write what type of reaction it is and balance the
following chemical equations.
2AlCl3 3Ca ? 3CaCl2 2Al
Single replacement Decomposition Double
replacement Combustion Synthesis (combination)
2KClO3 ? 2KCl 3O2
2NaCl MgSO4 ? Na2SO4 MgCl2
CH3CH2OH 3O2 ? 2CO2 3H2O
CaO H2O ? Ca(OH)2
3 1/5
If a yellow circle is one gram, which graphic
bests illustrates the division?___
A)
16g
3 1/5 g
-
5g
B)
SYMBOLS Answer T for True/ F for false H2O is
water___ Formula for water is H2O___ H is
hydrogen__ H is symbol for hydrogen___ Letter
grade A means you know subject___ Letter
grade A means you got an A for a grade___
½ is a fraction___ ¼ is fractional numeral___
V is half of W___ The number five has 4 letters
___ Zero is nothing___ Zero is something_____
4 60Co3
There are 7 symbols. What do each mean?
What is the net charge of this fluorine atom?
27 2
4 is four pairs of cobalt60 is total of
protons neutrons27 is atomic number (
protons)2 is 2 cobalt atoms is positive
charge3 is how many electrons lost that caused
protons to outnumber electrons.
What does the 2 in Ca2 mean? There are two
more protons than electrons making a plus 2
charge.
5
Synthesis (Combination) Reactions SYNTHESIS OF
FLAVORINGS
Write the synthesized esters in shorthand formulas
Ester
Acetic acid (vinegar)
Propanol (propyl alcohol)
Propyl acetate gt pear flavor
O
H
H
H
H
C
C
O
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
Water is released
O
O
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH CH3C-OH ? H2O
CH3CH2CH2-O-CCH3
O
Example
H2O
OH

O
H2O
OH

Octanol (or gasolinegtalcohol) acetic acid
water Octyl acetate (orange flavor)
H2O

OH
Benzyl alcohol (globs in lava lamps)
acetic acid ? water Benzyl acetate (peaches,
strawberries)
H2O

OH
Isopentenyl alcohol acetic acid ? water
Isopentenyl acetate (Juicy-Fruit)
O
H2O

OH
HO
Isobutanol (solvent/hydraulic fluid) propionic
acid (fungicide) ? water Isobutyl propionate
(Rum flavor)
H
H
C

C
O
H2O
H
H
H
H
Ethanol (liquor) butyric acid (rancid butter)
? water Ethyl butyrate (Apple flavor)
O
HO
OH
H2O

HO
Amyl alcohol (oil of potato spirit)
salicylic acid (wart remover)
? water Amyl salicylate (Pineapple flavor)