Environmental Statistics Practicum ST495A002

1
Environmental Statistics Practicum ST495A-002

• William F. Hunt, Jr.
• Visiting Senior Scientist, North Carolina State
  University
• Dr. Kimberly Weems, Post-Doctoral Fellow
• Michael Crotty, Graduate Assistant

2
Course Objectives

• Provide consulting opportunity with USEPA, NCSU
  faculty, State of NC, Forsyth County, US State
  Dept., Environment Canada, Univ. of Texas, Texas
  CEQ, EPA Region 4, Georgia DNR, etc.
• Focus on application of students technical
  skills to real problem
• Students gain consulting experience
• Develop communication skills written and oral
• Brief faculty and outside scientists

3
Prerequisites

• Introduction to Experimental Design
• Introduction to Regression Analysis
• Knowledge of SAS

Faculty Advisors
Dr. William Swallow
4
Course Guide

• Handouts will be provided
• National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report,
  1999
• No text book

5
Grading

• A letter grade will be assigned.

6
Environmental Statistics Practicum - Major Topics

• Course Overview
• Short History of Air Pollution
• Environmental Monitoring
• Assign First Homework Assignment - Lead Monitors
• NCDENR Air Monitoring Site Visit
• How Are Environmental Data Used?
• Teams

7
Environmental Statistics Practicum - Major Topics

• Student Presentations of First Assignment
• Clients Come
• Students Form Teams Work with Clients Data
• Students Conduct Analysis
• Student Discussion of Interim Results with Clients

8
Environmental Statistics Practicum - Major Topics

• Students Prepare Final Report
• Students Prepare Briefing
• Student Pre-Briefing
• Student Briefings for Clients

9
NCSU Clients

• Dr. Ellis Cowling, Director of the Southern
  Oxidant Study at NCSU
• Dr. Kenneth Schere and Mr. David Mobley of the
  USEPA, Office of Research and Development
• Mr. Fred Thompson, Mr. Neil Frank, Dr. Conniesue
  Oldham, Mr. Fred Dimmick, Mr. David Mintz, Mr.
  William Cox and Mrs. Barbara Parzygnat, USEPA's
  Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

10
NCSU Clients Continued

• Mr. George Murray, Mr. Hoke Kimball, Mr. Steve
  Few, Mr. John White, Ms. Harvi Cooper, Mr. Pat
  Bello, Ms. Sheila Holman, Mr. George Bridgers,
  Mr. Mike Abraczinskas and Ms. Laura Boothe of the
  North Carolina Department of Environment and
  Natural Resources (NCDENR) Air Division
• Mr. Lewis Weinstock and Mr. Pat Reagan of the Air
  Monitoring Division of the Forsyth County
  Environmental Affairs Department
• Mrs. Claire Huson and Mr. Ken Doolan of the U.
  S. Department of State

11
NCSU Clients Continued

• Mr. Tom Furmanczyk and Mr. Tom Dann of
  Environment Canada
• Dr. Cyril Durrenberger, University of Texas,
  Austin, TX
• Ms. Candy Garrett and Mr. Erik Gribbin, Texas
  Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, TX
• Mr. Ryan Broyles, State Climate Office of North
  Carolina, NC State University
• Mr. Steve Kroeger, Ms. Michelle Woolfolk, Mr.
  Blair Prusha, North Carolina Department of
  Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) Water
  Division
• Mr. Van Shrieves, USEPA Region 4, Atlanta, GA.
• Ms. Susan Zimmer-Dauphinee, Georgia Dept. of
  Natural Resources.

12
Southern Oxidant Study Data Analysis Workshop,
RTP, NC, March 9, 2000

• Joseph McMichael and Ronnie DeFrancis, "Season -
  Long Perspective on Ozone/Precursors Interaction
  Among Seven Sites Near Nashville, TN".
• Daric Harrington, "Forecasting Ozone with
  Yesterday's Data and Meteorological Data in the
  Charlotte Metropolitan Area".

13
NCSU Undergraduate Res. Symposium, McKimmon
Center, April, 27, 2000

• R. C. DeFrancis J. P. McMichael, "Predicting
  Ozone, the Principal Constituent of Photochemical
  Oxidants, Among Seven Sites Near Nashville".
• D. R. Harrington, "Protecting the Public Health
  Forecasting Photochemical Air Pollution in
  Charlotte, NC". CASH AWARD
• K. Madsen, B. Copeland and M. Crotty, "An
  Exploratory Analysis of the Relationships Among
  Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and Ozone and
  Meteorological Variables in North Carolina".
• Joseph P. McMichael, "Using Smoothing Sequences
  to Analyze Ozone and Wind Direction Data to
  Identify Major Sources of Pollution".
• Audrey M. Rogers, Sharon L. Isley and Jeffrey P.
  Jarlett, "An Exploratory Analysis of Fine
  Particulate Matter and its Component Constituents
  with Ozone and Meteorological Variables in
  Washington DC".

14
EPA Technical Workshop on PM2.5 Monitoring, QA
Data Analysis, Cary, NC, May 2000

• Kristen Madsen, Brian Copeland and Michael
  Crotty, "An Exploratory Analysis of the
  Relationships Among Fine and Coarse Particulate
  Matter and Ozone and Meteorological Variables in
  North Carolina".
• Audrey M. Rogers, Sharon L. Isley and Jeffrey P.
  Jarlett, "An Exploratory Analysis of Fine
  Particulate Matter and its Component Constituents
  with Ozone and Meteorological Variables in
  Washington DC".

15
Summer VIGRE Program 2000

• Jason Grissom worked on a project for the US
  Department of State. Jason co-authored a report
  entitled, Comparison of Particulate Matter Levels
  in Worldwide Megacities, report prepared for, US
  State Dept., August 17, 2000. (USA Today Award)
• Kristen Madsen and Jason Grissom worked on a
  project dealing with the use of a smoothing
  technique to better understand the effect of wind
  direction on ozone data for the USEPA.
• Daric Harrington - as part of the NCSU Department
  of Statistics National Science continued with his
  work on forecasting ozone and presented his final
  results to John White and Steve Few of the NCDENR
  on July 25 at NCDENR headquarters.

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Future Directions in Air Quality Research,
Ecological, Atmospheric, Regulatory/Policy and
Educational Issues, Research Triangle Park, NC,
February 12, 2001.

• K. Woodside W. Woolfolk, Protecting the Public
  Health Forecasting Fine Particulate Matter.
• L. Cason, A. Clarke G. Ness, An Exploratory
  Analysis of Photochemical Assessment Monitoring
  Station (PAMS) Data.
• S. Isley, " An Exploratory Analysis of Fine
  Particulate Matter in Washington DC.
• B. Copeland, M. Crotty and K. Madsen, An
  Exploratory Analysis of the Relationships Among
  Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and Ozone and
  Meteorological Variables in North Carolina
• D. Harrington, Forecasting Ozone in Metropolitan
  Charlotte, NC.

17
NCSU Undergraduate Res. Symposium, McKimmon
Center, April, 19, 2001

• Jason Grissom, Assessing Adverse Health Risks in
  the U.S. Foreign Service A Comparison of
  Particulate Matter Levels in the Worlds
  Megacities.
• Kathy Woodside and Wendy Woolfolk, Protecting
  the Public Health Forecasting Fine Particular
  Matter in Forsyth County.
• Lisa Cason, Andy Clarke and Gina Ness, "An
  Investigation of Ozone and its Precursors
  utilizing, Photochemical Assessment Monitoring
  Station (PAMS) Data in Connecticut and New
  Jersey.
• Brian Copeland, Standard Conditions of
  Temperature and Pressure vs. Local Conditions -
  What does it mean for air pollution control?
• Michael Crotty, Spatial and Temporal Analysis
  of Sulfates, Sulfur Dioxide and Other Pollutants
  Compared with Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in the
  Eastern United States, 1990-99.
• Daric Harrington, Controlling Air Pollution How
  Accurate Is Emissions Testing?

18
Jason Grissom, Comparison of Particulate Matter
Levels in Worldwide Megacities, report prepared
for, US State Dept., August 17, 2000. (USA
Today Award)
19

• Standard Conditions of Temperature and Pressure
  vs. Local Conditions

20
 NC DENR Data Analysis Colloquium, Raleigh,
NC, May 23, 2001.

• Kathy Woodside, Protecting the Public Health
  Forecasting Fine Particular Matter in Forsyth
  County.
• Michael Crotty, Spatial and Temporal Analysis
  of Sulfates, Sulfur Dioxide and Other Pollutants
  Compared with Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in the
  Eastern United States, 1990-99.
• Daric Harrington, Controlling Air Pollution How
  Accurate Is Emissions Testing?

21
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Ammonium in the
Eastern United States, 1990-99
22
Summer VIGRE Program 2001

• Kathy Woodside and Janet Bartz worked on a
  project for the USEPA and NCDENR. They prepared
  a comprehensive report, "Preliminary
  Investigation of the Atlanta Photochemical
  Oxidant Data, 1998-2000."
• Kathy Woodside prepared a technical memo on
  ratios and trends in benzene, toluene, mp-xylene
  and o-xylene for NCDENR.
• They briefed EPA, Dr. Ellis Cowling (Director of
  the Southern Oxidant Study) and NCDENR on the
  results of their work.

23
Second Annual NC State MGE Summer Research
Program Poster Session, July 23, 2001.  

• Michael Crotty, "Spatial and Temporal Analysis
  of Sulfates, Sulfur Dioxide and otherPollutants
  Compared with Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in the
  Eastern United States, 1990-99."
• Janet Bartz and Kathy Woodside, "Preliminary
  Investigation of the Atlanta Photochemical
  Oxidant Data, 1998-2000."  

24
Mathfest 2001, Mathematical Association of
America and Pi Mu Epsilon, Madison, WI, August
2-3, 2001

• Kathy Woodside, Protecting the Public Health
  Forecasting Fine Particular Matter in Forsyth
  County. CASH AWARD for Best Talk

25
2001 Sigma Xi Student Research Symposium,
Raleigh, North Carolina on November 10, 2001

• Janet Bartz and Kathy Woodside, "Preliminary
  Investigation of the Atlanta Photochemical
  Oxidant Data, 1996-98."
• Kathy Woodside, Protecting the Public Health
  Forecasting Fine Particular Matter in Forsyth
  County.

26
NCSU Undergraduate Research Awards, November 27,
2001

• Three students each received an undergraduate
  research award for 2000 to pursue their research
  on the USEPAs Toxic Research Inventory. The
  award was won by Darious Brooker, Ho Ling Cheng
  and Jeffrey Thomas

27
NCSU Undergraduate Research Symposium, Raleigh,
NC, Apr. 18, 2002.

• Leslie Schnell, Amy Gabig and Brian Spruell,
  Protecting the Public Health - Developing Hourly
  Air Quality Standards for Environment Canada and
  the US.
• Tracy Robinson, Saving the Earth by Reducing
  Ground Level Ozone What Can We Learn by
  Examining the Atlanta Ozone Precursor Data?
• Paul Gallins Sam Stidham, Using Statistical
  Quality Control Analysis to Improve the Accuracy
  of Volatile Organic Compound Data.
• Jeffrey Thomas, Darious Brooker Ho Ling Cheng,
  Can Toxic Release Trends in the Petroleum
  Industry be Explained?

28
R.89872(.8077)
29
Predicting Canada Standardsin ug/m3

• 25 50
• Entire Daily Max 42.8 82.4
• 2hr Max 39.9 77.2
• 3hr Max 37.8 73.6

30
Can Toxic Release Trends in the Petroleum
Industry be Explained? Jeffrey A. Thomas, Darious
J. Brooker Ho-Ling Cheng2000 Each
Undergraduate Research Award
31
1st Ann. NC State Undergraduate Summer Research
Symposium, August 9, 2002

• Alan Shoulders, Hampton University, Using the
  Statistical Analysis System to Investigate
  Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in
  Charlotte and Atlanta. 
• Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell, Designing
  Models to Predict Tomorrows Air Pollution. 
• Benjamin Ogorek, An Exploratory Analysis of
  Canadian Fine Particulate Matter.  

32
Alan Shoulders, Hampton University Summer 2002 -
Data we have so far(Morning Averages)
33
An Examination of a Possible Short Term Hourly
Standard for PM Fine. Benjamin Ogorek96th
Annual Air Waste Management Association
Meeting, San Diego from June 22-26, 2003
34
Gamma Fit?
35
A Possible Summer Trend?

• Summers alone are experiencing a negative trend.
• Temporary? Coincidence??

36
But Why Not a 1Hr Max?
Many runaway 1-hour observations cause this
statistic to violate standards when in fact the
PM concentrations are under control.
37
Joint Statistical Meetings, New York City, NY,
Aug. 11 - 15, 2002.

• Tracy Robinson, Janet Bartz, Paul Gallins and Sam
  Stidham, An Examination of the Atlanta Ozone
  Precursor Data Provided by the Photochemical
  Assessment Monitoring Sites (PAMS). 
• Leslie Schnell, Amy Gabig and Brian Spruell,
  "Protecting the Public Health - Forecasting Fine
  Particulate Matter Pollution in Canada and the
  US. 
• Jeffrey Thomas, Darious Brooker Ho Ling Cheng,
  Can Toxic Release Trends in the Petroleum
  Industry be Explained? 
• Paul Gallins, Sam Stidham, Tracy Robinson,
  Quality Control Analysis of the Volatile Organic
  Compound Data.

38
NCSU Undergraduate Research Awards, November 27,
2002.

• Two students - Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell
  - received an undergraduate research award for
  2000 each to pursue their research on Designing
  Models to Predict Tomorrows Air Pollution.

39
AWMA Annual South Atlantic States Section
Meeting, Research Triangle Park, NC, December 4,
2002.

• Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell, Designing
  Models to Predict Tomorrows Air Pollution. This
  paper won 3rd prize.
• Benjamin Ogorek, An Exploratory Analysis of
  Canadian Fine Particulate Matter.
• Caleb Rowe and Valerie Harris, Assessing Urban
  Growth Land Use Patterns and Air Quality Trends
  in the Phoenix and Raleigh-Durham Metropolitan
  Areas.
• Douglas Hayden, Jay Riley, David Dail,
  Exploratory Analysis of PM Fine Organic Carbon
  Gaseous Volatile Organic Compound Data.
• Christy Finger, Gary Beecham, and Jane Eslinger,
  How Toxic Can It Be? Examining the Guidance for
  Statistical Evaluation of Hazardous Waste
  Constituent Levels in Soils.

40
NCSU Undergraduate Research Symposium, McKimmon
Center, Raleigh, NC, April 10, 2003

• Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell, Improving
  the Forecast for Tomorrows Air Pollution. Both
  students won the 200 cash prize for poster.
• Benjamin Ogorek, An Examination of a Possible
  Short Term Hourly Standard for PM Fine.
• Caleb Rowe and Valerie Harris, A Tale of Three
  Cities How Does Urban Growth Impact Air
  Pollution?
• Douglas Hayden, Jay Riley, David Dail,
  Predicting PM Fine Organic Carbon from Volatile
  Organic Compound Gases.
• Gary Beecham, Hugh Crews and Christy Finger, How
  Toxic Can It Be? Examining the Guidance for
  Statistical Evaluation of Hazardous Waste
  Constituent Levels in Soils.
• Eliza J. Britt, KeTrena Langhurst, and Jiaomei
  Liu, Resolving the Volatile Organic Compound to
  Nitrogen Oxides Discrepancy in Houston.

41
NC DENR Data Analysis Colloquium, Raleigh, NC,
May 23, 2003

• Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell, Improving
  the Forecast for Tomorrows Air Pollution.
• Benjamin Ogorek, An Examination of a Possible
  Short Term Hourly Standard for PM Fine.

42
96th Annual AWMA Meeting, San Diego from June
22-26, 2003

• Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell, Improving
  the Forecast for Tomorrows Air Pollution.
• Benjamin Ogorek, An Examination of a Possible
  Short Term Hourly Standard for PM Fine.
• Caleb Rowe and Valerie Harris, A Tale of Three
  Cities How Does Urban Growth Impact Air
  Pollution?
• Douglas Hayden, Jay Riley, David Dail,
  Predicting PM Fine Organic Carbon from Volatile
  Organic Compound Gases.
• Gary Beecham, Hugh Crews and Christy Finger, How
  Toxic Can It Be? Examining the Guidance for
  Statistical Evaluation of Hazardous Waste
  Constituent Levels in Soils.
• Eliza J. Britt, KeTrena Langhurst, and Jiaomei
  Liu, Resolving the Volatile Organic Compound to
  Nitrogen Oxides Discrepancy in Houston.

43
Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell

• Designing Models to Predict Tomorrows Air
  Pollution.  1st Ann. NC State Undergraduate
  Summer Research Symposium, August 9, 2002. AWARD
• Both won the Undergraduate Research Award for
  2000 each to pursue their research on Predicting
  Tomorrows Air Pollution, November 27, 2002 .
• Designing Models to Predict Tomorrows Air
  Pollution. Air Waste Management Associations
  Annual South Atlantic States Section Meeting,
  December 4, 2002. Won 3rd prize.
• Improving the Forecast for Tomorrows Air
  Pollution. NCSU Undergraduate Research
  Symposium, McKimmon Center, Raleigh, NC, April
  10, 2003. Both students won the 200 cash prize
  for poster.

44
Why and How We Normalized the Data!!

•  Screen3, a single source Gaussian plume model,
  was used to normalize the data. The details of
  this model can be found at the following website
• http//www.epa.gov/scram001/tt22.htmscreen3
•  
• From the Screen3 model, we know that the
  concentration is equal to emissions/(wind
  speedsigma zsigma y). Wind speed tends to be
  more variable than that of the sigmas. Resulting
  in the following formula
• Normalized ConcentrationWind Speed
•  
• Patterns appeared in the data after the VOC was
  normalized. An example of emerging patterns can
  be seen in the before (top) and after (bottom)
  normalization plots.

45
Ethylene at the Deer Park Site How the Wind
Affects the Data
46
2nd Annual NCSU Undergraduate Summer Research
Symposium, Raleigh, NC. August 9, 2003

• Caleb Rowe and Valerie Harris, A Tale of Three
  Cities How Does Urban Growth Impact Air
  Pollution? Received an Award.
• Louise Camalier and Brendan Yoshimoto, Can
  Chemical Upsets and Malfunctions at Industrial
  Sources Explain the Discrepancy in the VOC to NOx
  Emission Inventory versus the Air Quality Ration
  in Houston, TX?

47
2003-2004 Projects

• Louise Camalier, Brendan Yoshimoto and Brian
  Stines, A Statistical Method to Corroborate
  Emission Inventories - Applied to Houston
  Atlanta

48
Objectives Houston

• To corroborate the emission inventories, ambient
  air measurements are compared to the emission
  inventory.
• The ratio of VOC to NOx emission inventories is
  compared with the ratio of ambient VOC to NOx
  measurements.
• Why is the ambient VOC to NOx ratio 6 times
  higher than the VOC to NOx emission ratio?

49
Deer Park - Red Clinton - Blue
50
1,3 Butadiene Upsets at Clinton
1,3 Butadiene by Wind Direction
South
Southeast
98
Degrees

• Double match!

51
Clinton Site
52
Bryan Stines
53
Forecasting Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution
in Charlotte, NC

• Jennifer Lawhorn and Jamie Ridenhour
• Clients
• NCDENR/Air Division
• Ms. Sheila Holeman
• Mr. Mike Abraczinskas
• Mr. George Bridgers

54
Winter Max Model Observed vs. Predicted
55
Forecasted Exceedance of 15ug/m3
Charlotte Winter Model 24
Hour Model Daily Max Hour Model Accuracy
81
82 False Alarm Rate
19 18 Critical Success Index
50 81 Probability of
56 96 Detection
56
Testing Model Performance
Charlotte Winter Model
Forecasted Exceedance of 15 ug/m3
Daily 24 Model Daily Max
Hour Model Observed NO YES
NO YES Exceedance NO 166 11 15 39 Of 15
ug/m3 YES 38 49 9 201
57
Is there a better way to define swamplands in the
Coastal Plain and Sandhills?

• Audria Humes and Jera Mendenhall
• Client
• Mr. Steve Kroeger, NCDENR/Water

58
Number of Sites in each Category based on
Confidence Intervals
59
Water Quality Trends in the Raleigh-Durham
Metropolitan Area, 1980-2000.

• Ornella Darlington Brian Currier
• Clients
• Dr. Barry Nussbaum
• Ms. Ming Chang
• Bryn Tracy, NC Division of Water Quality
• Steve Kroeger, NC Div. of Water Quality

60
Model Implementation Predicted verse
ObservedSpecific Conductance f(dissolved solids)
61
Professional EPA Technical Meetings
Undergraduate Research Symposia

• Second Annual NC State Undergraduate Summer
  Research Symposium, Raleigh, NC. August 9, 2003.
• Triangle University Undergraduate Research
  Symposium, Duke University, Durham, NC. November
  1, 2003.
• Water Resources Research Institute 2004 Annual
  Conference, Raleigh, NC. March 31, 2004.
• NCSU Undergraduate Research Symposium, McKimmon
  Center, Raleigh, NC, April 22, 2004.
• 97th Annual Air Waste Management Association
  Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, June 22-25, 2004.
• Third Annual NC State Undergraduate Summer
  Research Symposium, Raleigh, NC. August 5, 2004.

62
Student Awards (20,475)

• D. R. Harrington, "Protecting the Public Health
  Forecasting Photochemical Air Pollution in
  Charlotte, NC." NCSU Undergraduate Res.
  Symposium, April, 27, 2000. 200 CASH AWARD
• Jason Grissom, Comparison of Particulate Matter
  Levels in Worldwide Megacities, report prepared
  for, US State Dept., August 17, 2000. (USA Today
  Award)
• Kathy Woodside, Protecting the Public Health
  Forecasting Fine Particular Matter in Forsyth
  County. Mathfest 2001, Mathematical Association
  of America Pi Mu Epsilon, Madison, WI, August
  2-3, 2001. 125 CASH AWARD for Best Talk
• Darious Brooker, Ho Ling Cheng and Jeffrey
  Thomas, Undergraduate Research Award for 2000 to
  pursue their research on the USEPAs Toxic
  Research Inventory.
• Tracy Robinson, Saving the Earth by Reducing
  Ground Level Ozone What Can We Learn by
  Examining the Atlanta Ozone Precursor Data? NCSU
  Undergraduate Research Symposium, Raleigh, NC,
  Apr. 18, 2002. 200 CASH AWARD

63
Student Awards

• Tracy Robinson, Saving the Earth by Reducing
  Ground Level Ozone What Can We Learn by
  Examining the Atlanta Ozone Precursor Data? NCSU
  Undergraduate Research Symposium, Raleigh, NC,
  Apr. 18, 2002. CASH AWARD
• Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell, Designing
  Models to Predict Tomorrows Air Pollution.  1st
  Ann. NC State Undergraduate Summer Research
  Symposium, August 9, 2002. AWARD
• Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell won the
  Undergraduate Research Award for 2000 each to
  pursue their research on Predicting Tomorrows
  Air Pollution, November 27, 2002 .
• Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell, Designing
  Models to Predict Tomorrows Air Pollution. Air
  Waste Management Associations Annual South
  Atlantic States Section Meeting, December 4,
  2002. Won 3rd prize.
• Karen Donaghy and Courtney Sorrell, Improving
  the Forecast for Tomorrows Air Pollution. NCSU
  Undergraduate Research Symposium, McKimmon
  Center, Raleigh, NC, April 10, 2003. Both
  students won the 200 cash prize for poster.
• Caleb Rowe and Valerie Harris, A Tale of Three
  Cities How Does Urban Growth Impact Air
  Pollution? Second Annual NC State Undergraduate
  Summer Research Symposium, Raleigh, NC. August 9,
  2003. Received an Award.

64
Student Awards

• Louise Camalier, Brendan Yoshimoto and Brian
  Stines won the Undergraduate Research Award for
  500 each for their project, "Solving the Houston
  Air Quality Emission Inventory Discrepancy -
  Expanded Statistical Methodology Applications to
  Atlanta, GA," on November 18, 2003.
• Ornella Darlington-Turner and Brian Currier won
  the Undergraduate Research Award for 500 each
  for their project, Water Quality Trends in the
  Raleigh-Durham Metropolitan Area on November 18,
  2003.
• Jamie Ridenhour and Jennifer Lawhorn won the
  Undergraduate Research Award for 500 each for
  their project, A Statistical Model to Forecast
  Fine Particulate Matter Air in Charlotte, NC on
  November 18, 2003.
• Jera Mendenhall and Audria Humes, Is there a
  better way to define swamplands in the Coastal
  Plain and Sandhills? Won 3rd Prize in Poster
  Competition at the WRRI Meeting and each student
  received a 25 cash award on March 31, 2004.
• Louise Camalier, Brendan Yoshimoto and Brian
  Stines, A Statistical Method to Corroborate VOC
  Emission Inventories Using Air Quality Data
  Applied to Houston and Atlanta. Won the 200
  cash prize for poster at the NCSU Undergraduate
  Research Symposium on June 22, 2004.
• John White, Is the Fine Particulate Matter Air
  Pollution Nonattainment Problem in Hickory and
  Lexington, NC Regional or Local? Won an Award at
  the 3rd Annual NCSU Summer Undergraduate Research
  Symposium on August 5, 2004.

65
Lexington Day of the Week Diurnal Patterns
66
Bug Index and NC Coalitions
We were forced to round the latitude and
longitude so that some points match however, a
large amount of information was lost in the
process even though there are multiple
observations at each point .
NC Coalitionsred-triangle Bug
Indexgreen-circle
67
Other Student Accomplishments

• Nine students graduated with a masters degree in
  statistics (Janet Bartz, Michael Crotty, Ronnie
  DeFrancis, Paul Gallins, Daric Harrington,
  Kristen Madsen, Benjamin Ogorek, Tracy Robinson
  and Kathy Woodside.)
• Three are continuing on for a Ph.D. Michael
  Crotty, Kristen Madsen Ben Ogorek
• Seventeen students have gone onto graduate school
  programs in statistics Gary Beecham, Ho Ling
  Cheng, Brian Copeland, Hugh Crews, David Dail,
  Ronnie DeFrancis, Karen Donaghy, Christy Finger,
  Amy Gabig, Paul Gallins, Valerie Harris, Douglas
  Hayden, KeTrena Langhurst, Ben Ogorek, Alan
  Shoulders, Kathy Woodside and Wendy Woolfolk.

68
Other Student Accomplishments

• Seven are employed at the Research Triangle
  Institute as environmental statisticians Joseph
  McMichael, Lisa Cason, Andy Clarke, Angela Pitts,
  Jane Eslinger, Janet Bartz and Douglas Hayden
• Louise Camalier is employed as an Environmental
  Statistician at EPA, RTP, NC. 
• Ten students have worked part-time at the U. S.
  Environmental Protection Agency as statisticians
  Janet Bartz, Michael Crotty, Brian Copeland,
  Karen Donaghy, Shawn Edney, Daric Harrington,
  Sharon Isley, Kristen Madsen, Ben Ogorek and
  Kathy Woodside.

69
Conclusion

• Win-win-win situation for everyone.
• Develop statistical partners in academia,
  government, and industry
• Collaboration between majority and minority
  institutions
• Contribute to diversity in environmental decision
  making.
• Make more informed environmental policy decisions
• Students win
• gain experience in doing research/consulting
• writing reports
• giving briefings
• presenting papers
• winning awards (20,475 to date)
• go on to graduate programs in statistics
• go to work as environmental statisticians
• students are placed in rewarding careers

70
Conclusion Contd

• University wins
• more students are pursuing graduate study
• the faculty develops new contacts with
  environmental agencies
• Clients win
• because their data are analyzed
• they can make more informed environmental policy
  decisions
• they can hire the students for permanent or part
  time work
• SUMMARY
• students have given 82 professional presentations
  and have written almost as many papers and
  reports.