Diabetes

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Healthy For Life Reaching My Own Greatness too
Diabetes Aint so sweet
Presented by the People First Washington State
Health Board. Donna Lowary, Lynn Medina DSHS,
Kathleen Watson EWU, Ron Helgonson, Resa Hayes,
Erica Larken, Michel Parker, Craig Sicilia
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The information provided is offered as a
community service about health-care issues and is
not a substitute for individual consultation.
Advice on individual problems should be
obtained from your personal physician. This
information is based on research and information
gathered by this particular advisory board and
represents no interpretation of the literature.
Healthy For Life Reaching My Own Greatness too
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People have diabetes because.

• The insulin their body makes doesnt work right
  or
• Their body doesnt make enough insulin.

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Diabetes- What is it?

• Body is not producing or has lost sensitivity to
  insulin.
• Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert
  sugar, starches and other food into energy.
• Insulin is produced in the body by the pancreas.

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Insulin takes the glucose from your blood into
your cells.
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When your body cant get the glucose from your
blood into your cells you get a traffic jam of
glucose (sugar) in your blood.
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Energy for Our Bodies

• Energy comes mostly from the glucose in the foods
  we eat.
• Blood takes the glucose to our cells.
• The pancreas makes insulin, which unlocks the
  cells so the glucose can get in.
• Extra glucose is stored as fat or in the liver
  for use if needed later.

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Types of Diabetes

• There are several types of diabetes
• Type I - body does not produce any insulin.
• Type II- body is not making enough or is losing
  sensitivity to insulin made.

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Lots of different treatment methods
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Any Questions?
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Types of Diabetes

• Secondary - a consequence from another disease.
  For example, pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis.
• Gestational Diabetes- diabetes during pregnancy.
• Impaired Glucose Tolerance- an intermediate
  between normal and diabetes.

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Symptoms of Diabetes

• Increased thirst and frequent urination.
• Increased hunger.
• Weight loss.
• Blurred vision.
• Sores that dont heal.
• Increased infections.
• Increased fatigue.

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Short Term Complications

• People who have diabetes can have
  life-threatening short-term complications. They
  must try to avoid complications, but also be
  prepared to treat them if they happen
• High blood sugar or hyperglycemia
• Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia
• High ketones or diabetic ketoacidosis

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Long Term Complications

• Too much glucose in the blood damages the lining
  of the vessels that carry the blood.
• Blood vessels all over the body get damaged.
• The damage causes the body organs not to work
  well.

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When Nerves are DiseasedNerves in your feet
carry signals to your brain. Your brain reads
those signals and interprets them as sensations.
When nerves in your feet are diseased, signals
may never reach the brain. Or, signals may be
confused. The result may be a lack of feeling in
your feet or other symptoms of peripheral
neuropathy.
Symptoms Mask Pain                              
                                                  
                  Symptoms of peripheral
neuropathy begin in your toes. The symptoms
slowly spread up your feet and legs as more nerve
is affected. These symptoms may mask pain.
Without pain, you may not notice a cut or even a
bone fracture. Cuts may become infected.
Fractures may heal poorly and lead to foot
deformity. Physical ExamYour doctor will ask
about your symptoms and check your reflexes. He
or she will also check how well you sense
pressure, vibration, and temperature. To do this,
some simple tools will be touched against your
feet.

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What Problems Does Blood Vessel Damage Cause?

• Heart and blood vessel damage can lead to high
  blood pressure, strokes and heart attacks.
• Kidney damage can lead to kidney failure and the
  need for dialysis and kidney transplant.
• Eye damage can lead to blindness.
• Nerve damage can lead to tingling, numbness and
  pain in hands and feet.
• Nerve damage can also cause problems with the
  digestive system.

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What Problems Does Blood Vessel Damage Cause?

• Foot damage can lead to infections and need for
  amputation of toes, feet or legs.
• Skin and mouth damage can lead to gum disease,
  infections and loss of teeth.
• Bone damage can lead to osteoporosis and broken
  bones.
• Brain damage can lead to dementia.

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Whos at risk?
ADA now recommends that screening for diabetes
should be considered for all patients at age 45.
If the results are normal it should be repeated
every 3 years. Screening should be considered
at a younger age if patient meets following risk
factors
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Whos at risk?

• Obesity
• First degree relative with diabetes
• Belongs to a high-risk ethnic group
• Was diagnosed with gestational diabetes or
  delivered a baby whose birth weight 9 lbs.
• Hypertension

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How to Protect Yourself

• These same changes can help prevent diabetes or
  make the complications less if you already have
  diabetes.
• Lose weight if you are overweight.
• Get more exercise if you are not active.
• Eat a healthy diet.
• Stop smoking.

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How to Make Personal Changes

• Make a plan.
• Make the steps small and reasonable.
• Take one step at a time.
• Give yourself rewards.
• Dont be discouraged by slips.
• Get a partner or team to work together and help
  each other.

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What Is A Healthy Diet?

• Make healthy food choices.
• More fruits and vegetables of many colors.
• More whole grains.
• Fish 2-3 times a week.
• Only lean meat or chicken without skin.
• Low-fat or non-fat dairy products.
• Drink water instead of sugary or carbonated
  drinks.
• Decrease snack foods that are high calorie and
  fat.
• Watch portion sizes.
• Cook with liquid oils and decrease fats in your
  diet.

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How to Eat A Healthy Diet

• Practice portion control so you dont eat too
  much. (examples of portion sizes)
• Rate your plate. (there are good pictures for
  this)
• Use the Diabetic Food Pyramid. (see ADA website-
  its different from the other food pyramid)
• Avoid eating fast food, prepared foods and
  unhealthy snacks.

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Exercise

• Physical activity
• Gets you moving!!
• Decreases insulin resistance of the cells!
• Being physically fit has three parts
• Strength
• Endurance
• Flexibility

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Exercise

• Especially beneficial in type II diabetes.
• Promotes weight loss
• Increases insulin sensitivity.
• Must also be aware of medication and intake to
  prevent hypoglycemia.

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Treatment of Diabetes

• Diet plays a major role.
• Carbohydrates are the component of food that
  causes an increase in blood sugar.
• Diabetics are encouraged to keep track of the
  amount of CHO they eat.

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Benefits of Exercise

• Strengthens heart, muscles, bones.
• Helps insulin work better (decreases insulin
  resistance).
• Improves blood circulation.
• Keeps joints flexible.

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Benefits of Exercise

• Decreases
• Blood glucose-less damage to vessels
• Blood pressure-less risk of stroke
• Cholesterol-less risk of heart attack and stroke
• Stress- less risk of depression.

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Exercise for Endurance

• This is called aerobic exercise.
• Walking, swimming, other activities that make you
  work a little harder.
• Strengthens your heart and makes your circulation
  and breathing better.
• Start slowly and increase a little at a time.
• (have everyone do stepping in place)

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Methods of Carbohydrate Control

• There are many new methods of controlling
  diabetes, these are still the two most common.
• Exchange Lists
• Carbohydrate counting- Very basic, allows a
  little more freedom and variety.

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Grains and More Diabetics should have 6 or more
servings of grains, beans and starchy vegetables
per day. Choose whole-grain foods that are
nutritious and high in fiber, such as whole grain
bread or crackers, bran cereal and brown rice.
Beans can be another good source of fiber. Don't
use white flour when cooking, instead look for
whole wheat or whole grain alternatives.Eating
right is just one of the ways to manage your
diabetes. Exercise and regular diabetic testing
are other elements to live a healthy lifestyle.
American Diabetes provides free diabetic supplies
to diabetics eligible through private insurance
and Medicare. Read more of our diabetes resources
for healthy living.
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Hypoglycemia

• Hypoglycemia- low blood sugar
• Happens to everyone with diabetes
• Symptoms include shakiness, dizziness, sweating,
  hunger, headache, pale skin, sudden moodiness,
  clumsy or jerky movements, difficulty paying
  attention, and tingling sensations around mouth.

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Hyperglycemia
Ketoacidosis Develops when the body does not
have enough insulin. The body cant break down
sugar so it breaks down fat instead. Ketones are
what is left from this process.The body does not
tolerate ketones and tries to pass them out of
the body.
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Conclusion
Diabetes is a very complicated disease. For more
information www.diabetes.org
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Whos fault is it after all
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