Voyages of Spain and Portugal

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Voyages of Spain and Portugal
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Portugals First Explorers

• Explorers driven by curiosity, religion,
  economic goals
• Prince Henry - The Navigator goal find
  gold for Portugal and control spice trade of
  Asia, spread Christianity
• Explored and conquered in Portugals name west
  coast of Africa, Azores traded gold, slaves,
  and ivory

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Portugals First Explorers

• Bartolomeu Dias Sailed around Cape of Good
  Hope, found route to Indian Ocean
• Vasco da Gama eastward across Indian Ocean,
  landed in India overseas trade route from
  Europe to India

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Spanish Exploration Explorers

• Christopher Columbus supported by Spain, looked
  for westward route to Asia, discovered Americas
• Believed he landed off coast of Asia

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Impact of Columbuss Voyages

• Columbian Exchange Exchange of goods between
  Old World of Europe and New World
• Products, plants, animals, diseases traveled from
  east to west hemisphere
• Spanish exchange horses, diseases, guns
• American exchange gold, silver, potatoes,
  tomatoes, beans, corn introduced to Europe

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Dividing new Lands

• Treaty of Tordesillas Spain and Portugal
  competed for new lands, Pope Alexander drew
  imaginary line from north to south through
  Atlantic Ocean Line of Demarcation Spain
  claimed all new lands west and Portugal claimed
  all new lands to east of line

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Vespucci, Balboa, Magellan

• Amerigo Vespucci New World was not Asia
  German mapmaker named America after him
• Balboa Spain overland crossing of Isthmus of
  Panama to Pacific O.
• Magellan -5 ships crossed Atlantic to S. America
  sailed Pacific Ocean to Philippine Islands

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Slave Trade

• 1500 Portuguese began to use African slaves as
  labor
• Portuguese sugar plantations required large
  amount of labor so imported slaves
• Triangular Trade 1) merchants shipped cotton,
  goods, weapons, liquor to Africa to trade for
  slaves 2) Middle Passage shipped slaves across
  Atlantic from Africa 3) merchants sent plantation
  products to Europe to buy manufactured goods to
  be sold in America

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Slave Trade

• Mid-1700s early 1800s estimated 10 million
  slaves carried from Africa

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African Kingdoms and Slavery

• African kingdoms had slaves but were part of
  society, not property
• African populations reduced, families and
  societies destroyed as strongest were taken away
  by slave traders

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Portuguese Empire Weakens

• Economic, social, and political problems come to
  Portugal as they tried to rule large and
  extensive empire
• Annexed by Spain 1580 restricted trade and
  exploration