The Atlantic World,

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QUIT
The Atlantic World, 14921800
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Spanish Conquests in the Americas
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SECTION
Competing Claims in North America
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SECTION
The Atlantic Slave Trade
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SECTION
GRAPH
The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade
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SECTION
MAP
Visual Summary
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The Atlantic World, 14921800
The European exploration and colonization of the
Americas lead to an economic and cultural
revolution in Europe and the devastation of
Native American cultures in the New World.
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The Atlantic World, 14921800
Time Line
1492 Columbus makes first voyage.
1533 Pizarro conquers Inca Empire.
1608 Champlain claims Quebec for France.
1521 Cortés conquers Aztec Empire.
1607 English found Jamestown.
1754 French and Indian War begins.
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Spanish Conquests in the Americas
Key Idea
Columbus lands in the Caribbean Islands, and
Spain and Portugal begin the colonization of the
Americas. The Spanish destroy the Aztec and Inca
empires.
Overview
Assessment
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Spanish Conquests in the Americas
Overview
Christopher Columbus colony Hernando
Cortés conquistadors Montezuma II
Francisco Pizarro mestizo encomienda
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The voyages of Columbus prompted the Spanish to
carve out the first European colonies in the
Americas.
Throughout the Americas, Spanish culture,
language, and descendants are the legacy of this
period.
Assessment
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Spanish Conquests in the Americas
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Trace the major events in the
establishment of Spains empire in the Americas
beginning with Columbuss arrival.
Conquistadors colonize the Southwest United
States.
Pizarro conquers the Inca.
Cortés defeats the Aztecs.
continued . . .
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Spanish Conquests in the Americas
1
Section
Assessment
2. How might Columbuss view of the Taino Indians
have led the Spanish to think they could take
advantage of and impose their will on the
natives? THINK ABOUT
the Tainos desire for Spanish items even of
small value
the Tainos willingness to give whatever they
had to the Spanish
the Tainos appearance as a peaceful people
ANSWER
The Spanish may have taken the Tainos generosity
and naïvete about the worth of material goods as
an invitation to take whatever they wanted. The
Spanish also may have assumed that the natives
gentleness meant they could be subdued.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Spanish Conquests in the Americas
1
Section
Assessment
3. Discuss the merits of Spains colonization of
the Americas. Explain the position of
conquistadors, as well as the position of Native
Americans. THINK ABOUT
how colonization of the Americas affected
Spain
what effect colonization had on the Native
Americans
ANSWER
Conquistadors colonization goodincreased
Spains wealth and power introduced natives to
Christianity spread Spanish culture Native
Americans colonization badbrought disease and
warfare led to enslavement suppressed native
culture
Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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Competing Claims in North America
Key Idea
European nations lay claim to large parts of
North America, but England drives out the French
and Dutch and creates thirteen colonies.
Overview
Assessment
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Competing Claims in North America
Overview
New France Jamestown Pilgrims Puritans
New Netherland French and Indian War
Metacom
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Several European nations fought for control of
North America, and England eventually emerged
victorious.
The English settlers in North America left a
legacy of law and government that guides the
United States today.
Assessment
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Competing Claims in North America
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Identify the location of each
settlement and the main reasons for its
establishment.
Eastern Canada and much of midwest United States
Christian missionary and fur trading post
Upper east coast of United States
Fur trading post
Upper east coast of United States
Religious refuge
continued . . .
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Competing Claims in North America
2
Section
Assessment
2. What may have been one reason the English
eventually beat the French in North America?
THINK ABOUT
how Englands colonies differed from those of
the French
English and French colonial populations on the
eve of the French and Indian War
ANSWER
The English, unlike the French and Dutch,
populated their colonies in North America, so
that by the eve of the French and Indian War,
Englands colonial population was more than 1
million, while Frances was only 65,000.
Possible Response
continued . . .
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Competing Claims in North America
2
Section
Assessment
3. Imagine that you have been asked to settle a
dispute between a group of English colonists and
Native Americans. Summarize each sides
grievances and offer possible solutions.
ANSWER
Colonists grievancesneed more land for growing
population and farming Native Americans are
heathens Native Americans grievancescolonists
are pushing them off their land. Possible
solutionsshare the land by establishing boundary
lines.
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
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The Atlantic Slave Trade
GRAPH
Key Idea
The slave trade decimates African social and
family life, and millions of slaves are brought
to the Americas to work in mines and on
plantations.
Overview
Assessment
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The Atlantic Slave Trade
GRAPH
Overview
Atlantic slave trade triangular trade
middle passage
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
To meet their growing labor needs, Europeans
enslaved millions of Africans in forced labor in
the Americas.
Descendants of enslaved Africans represent a
significant part of the Americas population
today.
Assessment
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The Atlantic Slave Trade
GRAPH
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Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the ways in which the Atlantic
slave trade affected both Africa and the Americas.
Loss of significant population
Significant labor supply
Increase in civil war and strife through the
introduction of guns
Expertise in farming techniques
Families torn apart
Introduction of African culture
Cultures lost
Mixed races
continued . . .
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The Atlantic Slave Trade
GRAPH
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Section
Assessment
2. How was slavery in the Americas different from
slavery in Africa and Muslim lands? THINK ABOUT
the length of bondage
the children of slaves
opportunities for slaves within each society
racial basis
ANSWER
In most African societies, slaves could escape
their bondage, while in the Americas, most slaves
worked for life unlike in most African
societies, slavery in the Americas was
hereditary unlike in most African and Muslim
societies, slaves in the Americas lacked legal
rights and social mobility.
Possible Responses
End of Section 3
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The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade
MAP
Key Idea
The colonization of the Americas leads to a
global exchange of food, plants, animals, and
diseases that enriches the European diet and
economy and further shatters the native
civilizations of the New World.
Overview
Assessment
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The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade
MAP
Overview
Columbian Exchange Commercial Revolution
capitalism joint-stock company mercantilism
favorable balance of trade
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The colonization of the Americas introduced new
and different items into the Eastern and Western
hemispheres.
This global exchange of goods permanently changed
Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
Assessment
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The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade
MAP
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. For each Columbian Exchange item or
aspect below, write where it originated and
explain its significance.
The Americas nutritious basis of many diets
The Americas became staple throughout the world
Europe killed millions of Native Americans
continued . . .
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The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade
MAP
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Section
Assessment
2. Why were colonies considered so important to
the nations of Europe? THINK ABOUT
the philosophy of mercantilism
the notion of a favorable balance of trade
ANSWER
The mercantilistic philosophy of Europe drove
nations to acquire colonies to obtain wealth.
Colonies provided precious metals, raw materials,
and markets for European goods, allowing European
nations to establish a favorable balance of trade
with their colonies.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade
MAP
4
Section
Assessment
3. Do you think the economic changes in Europe
during the era of American colonization qualify
as a revolution? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
the legacy of the new business and trade
practices
how the economic changes affected European
society as a whole
ANSWER
YesMany of the new practices, including
capitalism and joint-stock companies, served as
the root of todays economy. NoEuropes
population remained mostly rural, and many
Europeans remained poor.
Possible Responses
End of Section 4