Westward Expansion and Imperialism

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Westward ExpansionandImperialism
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U.S. Presidents, 1877-Present
Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877-1881 James Garfield,
1881 Chester Arthur, 1881-1885 Grover Cleveland,
1885-1889 Benjamin Harrison, 1889-1993 Grover
Cleveland, 1993-1997 William McKinley,
1897-1901 Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1909 William
H. Taft, 1909-1913 Woodrow Wilson,
1913-1921 Warren Harding, 1921-1923 Calvin
Coolidge, 1923-1929 Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933
Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1945 Harry Truman,
1945-1953 Dwight Eisenhower, 1953-1961 John F.
Kennedy, 1961-1963 Lyndon Johnson,
1963-1969 Richard Nixon, 1969-1974 Gerald Ford,
1974-77 Jimmy Carter, 1977-1981 Ronald Reagan,
1981-1989 George H.W. Bush, 1989-1993 William J.
Clinton, 1993-2001 George W. Bush, 2001-present
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Gary Gerstle on American nationalism

• Civic nationalism - inclusive, draws on American
  democracy
• Racial nationalism - denies the ability of
  non-white races to assimilate into American
  society
• Theodore Roosevelt represents the divided
  character of American nationalism that
  combined both
• What about Jacob Riis?

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Westward Expansion

• 14 new states created after the Civil War
• Homestead Act of 1862 facilitated land
  settlement
• Male violent culture exaggerated in the movies
  (44 shootings 1877-1883)
• mid-1880s buffalo herds destroyed
• 1887 Dawes Act grants citizenship and land
  ownership to Indians
• As a result Indians tribes lose 86 out of 130
  million acres between 1887-1934
• 1890 census could not locate a frontier line
  where population was fewer than 2 people per
  square mile
• Historian Frederick Jackson Turner declared the
  end of the frontier

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Westward Expansion The Battle of Little
Bighorn, 1875
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Westward Expansion The Battle of Little
Bighorn, 1875
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Westward Expansion Sioux drawing of the battle
of Little Bighorn
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Westward Expansion Custers last stand, painting
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Westward Expansion The Battle of Wounded Knee,
1890
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Westward Expansion Ghost dance, painting
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Westward Expansion Ghost dance, painting
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Westward Expansion Frederick Remington, first
moments of the battle
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Westward Expansion Frederick Remington, another
illustration
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Westward Expansion Frederick Remington, another
illustration
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Imperialism Spanish-American War, 1898
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Imperialism USS Maine in Havana, 1898
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Imperialism William Randolph Hearst newspapers
promoted Spanish-American War, 1898
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Imperialism A Fleet Steaming up North River,
1898
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Imperialism Teddy Roosevelts Rough Riders,
photo
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Imperialism Teddy Roosevelts Rough Riders,
painting
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Imperialism Teddy Roosevelts Rough Riders,
painting depicts no black troops
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Imperialism Spanish-American War gravesite
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Imperialism Philippine-American War, 1898-1902
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Imperialism Rudyard Kiplings The White Mans
Burden
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send
forth the best ye breed-- Go, bind your sons
to exile To serve your captives' need
To wait, in heavy harness, On
fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught
sullen peoples, Half devil and half
child. Take up the White Man's burden!
Have done with childish days-- The
lightly-proffered laurel, The easy
ungrudged praise Comes now, to search your
manhood Through all the thankless
years, Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,
The judgment of your peers.
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Imperialism The White Mans Burden, Judge,
1890s
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Imperialism Occupation as an educational project
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Imperialism President William McKinley
civilizing Filipinos
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Anti-Imperialism The Anti-Imperialist League

• Founded in 1898 in Boston
• Branches in New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati,
  Chicago, and other cities
• Among the founders
• Jane Addams, founder of Hull House
• Samuel Gompers, labor leader
• Grover Cleveland, former President
• Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate
• Ida B. Wells-Barnett, anti-lynching reformer and
  co-founder of the National Association for the
  Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, founded in
  1909)
• Mark Twain was the Leagues Vice-President from
  1901 to 1910

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Anti-Imperialism Mark Twain as a savage