Robert Ciavarro

1
Ten Lives For Social Justice
Ignatian Knights In American History
Robert Ciavarro American History 11 4/4/06
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Clara Barton
Birth December 25, 1821 Death April 12, 1906

• Founder of the American Red Cross
• Volunteer nurse in the Civil War. Nicknamed the
  Angel of the Battlefield
• Created a system for finding missing soldiers and
  prisoners of war. This system turned into a
  bureau called the Missing Soldiers Office. She
  collected information on nearly 22,000 soldiers.
• Pleaded generals, politicians, presidents, and
  professors until the organization was funded in
  1881.
• Created the idea to help victims of peacetime
  disasters, such as floods, famine, hurricanes,
  and victims of war.
• Supervised everything from disease outbreaks in
  Florida, to floods in Pennsylvania.

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Grace Abbott
Birth November 17, 1878 Death June 19, 1939

• Worked with immigrants at the Hull House in 1908.
• Director of Immigrants Protective League from
  1908-1917.
• Fought for better conditions for children in the
  work place.
• In 1917, she became the director of the.
  Industrial Division of the Children's Bureau. She
  was in charge of the enforcement of federal child
  labor policies.
• Personally investigated and inspected
  shipbuilding plants on the east coast of the U.S.
• Successfully fought for the Sheppard-Towner Act
  to be passed. Allowed federal and state aid for
  mothers and children.
• Her leadership helped to fund the School of
  Social Service Administration.
• Named one of the Twelve Greatest Living American
  Women by Womens Day magazine.

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Birth January 30, 1882 Death April 12, 1945

• 32nd President of the United States.
• Created New Deal policy to recover the effects of
  the Great Depression.
• Good Neighbor policy was carried out during his
  presidency in concern for the rights of Latin
  American countries.
• Signed the Lend Lease Act of 1941, allowing the
  government to provide military aid for the Allied
  Powers to combat the Axis powers during World War
  II.
• Declared war on Axis Powers, after the bombing of
  Pearl Harbor in 1941.
• Was in the Yalta and Tehran conferences of World
  War II.

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John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Birth May 29, 1917 Death November 22 1963

• 35th President of the United States
• Created the Peace Corps, a volunteer humanitarian
  organization, in 1961
• Allowed federal troops to enforce court ordered
  integration of schools in Alabama and
  Mississippi, in 1962-1963
• Won the Pulitzer Prize for his book Profiles in
  Courage, in 1957
• Decorated highly for his heroism in World War II
  by saving the lives of three men after a Japanese
  naval attack

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Abraham Lincoln
Birth February 12, 1809 Death April 15, 1869

• 16th President of the United States.
• Issued the Emancipation Proclamation, abolishing
  slavery in the states fleeing from the Union, on
  January 1, 1863.
• The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is
  enacted during his presidency in 1865. This
  Amendment abolishes slavery in the U.S.

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Robert Ciavarros Top 5 Historical Ignatian
Knights
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Susan B. Anthony
Birth February 15, 1820 Death March 13, 1906

• One of the most influential women's rights
  advocates.
• Edited and published the womens rights newspaper
  The Revolution.
• Organized, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the
  National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869
• Was arrested, tried, and convicted of voting in
  the national presidential election. She refused
  to pay the 100 fine in 1872.
• Served as president of the National American
  Woman Suffrage Association
• Founded the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
  in Berlin, Germany
• Pledged her life insurance policy to ensure the
  admission of women to the University of
  Rochester.
• In addition to fighting for woman suffrage,
  Anthony fought for temperance and the abolition
  of slavery.
• Her achievements helped to bring about the 19th
  Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Amendment
  gave full voting rights to women in 1920.

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Susan B. Anthony Continued

• In 1852, Susan B. Anthony organized the first
  womens society. The club discussed ways that
  women could help end slavery and fight for
  temperance.
• Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, her partner
  for womens suffrage, believed that it was time
  for women to be treated as fairly as men.
• The two traveled across the country giving
  speeches and gaining supporters. In 1868, Anthony
  was put in charge of the Revolution, a weekly
  newspaper that spoke for womens rights. The
  paper spoke out against slavery, alcohol, and
  abortion.
• Anthony formed the National Womans Suffrage
  Association (NWSA) in 1869. By 1892, the
  association had over 10,000 members. Anthonys
  work, along with the NWSA, helped to bring about
  the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
• Click her to learn more information about Susan
  B. Anthony
• http//susanbanthonyhouse.org/biography.shtml

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William Lloyd Garrison
Birth December 10, 1805 Death May 24, 1879

• Influential abolitionist
• Wrote articles about slavery at the age of 14.
  These articles,featured in the Harold, aroused
  abolitionist feelings among many in
  Massachusetts.
• Partnered with Benjamin Lundy, Garrison published
  a periodical called the Genius of Universal
  Emancipation in 1829.
• Made speeches to clergy and Christian leaders to
  try to help condemn slavery.
• Partnered with Isaac Knapp, Garrison published
  The Liberator in Boston in 1831 the newspaper
  became one of the most influential journals in
  the United States.
• Helped to organize the New England Anti-Slavery
  Society in 1832.
• President of the American Anti-Slavery Society
  from 1843- 1865.
• Also fought for suffrage for American women and
  justice for Native Americans.

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William Lloyd Garrison Continued

• William Lloyd Garrison is considered an Ignatian
  Knight because he was, simply, a man for others.
  At a young age, he excelled at writing. When he
  was old enough, he became a writer for an
  abolitionist newspaper, the Genius of of
  Universal Emancipation. His goal was to alert
  others of the immoral behavior of slavery.
  Garrison was a unique northerner, in that he
  believed that slaves could assimilate into
  society after emancipation. Other northerners
  believed that slavery was indeed wrong, but if
  slaves were freed they would be living and
  working among white citizens. He was constantly
  persecuted, threatened, and attacked by whites in
  the north and south.
• On January 1, 1831 Garrison published the
  Liberator. The following year he organized the
  New England Anti-Slavery Society. This was the
  first organization to actually be devoted and
  proactive to the abolitionist cause.
• Garrison did not stop fighting and writing about
  slavery until the Emancipation Proclamation was
  passed in 1865. A man who makes his career into
  one that serves others deserves to be called and
  Ignatian Knight.
• Click here for a great biography of William Lloyd
  Garrison!
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1561.html

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Jane Adams
Birth September 6, 1860 Death May 21, 1935

• Founded the Hull House, in Chicagos West Side,
  in 1889. Hull House was a prominent  social
  center for the poor.
• Founder of the National Association for the
  Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
• Founder of the Settlement House movement.
• Vice-president of the National American Women
  Suffrage Association in 1911.
• Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931, for her
  work and humanitarian aid during the Great
  Depression.

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Jane Adams Continued

• Jane Adams traveled all over the world before she
  decided what she wanted to do with her life. When
  she was in Europe, she noticed something similar
  in every big city, in every country. That is
  poverty. Slums made up most big cities in Europe
  such as London. Adams realized that philanthropy
  was her calling.
• In 1889, Adams and her friend, Ellen Starr,
  founded Hull House in Chicago. Hull House would
  be one of the largest social house in the
  country. The house served mainly poor immigrants.
  It provided them with shelter, legal aid, food,
  and education. Hull House was even able to
  provide medical and child care to those in need,
  thanks to funding from Adam and wealthy, local
  patrons. Five years after Hull House was built it
  was serving thousands of poor people, in some
  way, every week.
• Adams established the Womens Peace Party when
  she foresaw the coming of the Great War. The
  society met and tried to persuade politicians to
  turn towards peace, in any way possible.
• In 1931, Adams was the first woman to receive the
  Nobel Peace Prize.
• Click here for a great biography of Jane Adams!
• http//www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/adda-jan.htm

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Martin Luther King Jr.
Birth January 15, 1929. Death April 4, 1968

• Led the civil rights movement in the United
  States
• Urged nonviolent protest against racial
  segregation and discrimination
• Led a successful effort to desegregate
  Montgomery, Alabama bus system.
• Founder of Southern Christian Leadership
  Conference (SCLC)
• Delivered his famous I Have A Dream speech for
  civil rights marchers in the Lincoln Memorial in
  Washington, D.C.
• He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964
• Organized a mass march from Selma to Montgomery,
  Alabama for federal voting rights legislation
• First black American to be honored as Time
  Magazines Man of the Year, in 1964.
• Also spoke out against national poverty and the
  Vietnam War.

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Martin Luther King Jr. Continued

• King used some of the same tactics used by
  Mohandas Gandhi. King took advantage of the
  American media by leading multiple marches
  through southern cities and towns. The media
  showed King and his army of followers, which
  inspired others to join
• Kings hard fought struggle against Jim Crow
  Laws, labor rights, and segregation influenced
  many changes in the U.S. government such as the
  Civil Rights Act of 1954 and the Voting Rights
  Act of 1965.
• King organized the March on Washington for Jobs
  and Freedom. This was Kings most prominent event
  where he delivered his I Have a Dream speech.
  In front of the Lincoln Memorial, thousands of
  people gathered to hear one of the most powerful
  speeches in U.S. history.
• King actually lived in the slums of Chicago for
  over a year to show his sympathy for the poor.
  There he wrote about the horrors that both poor
  blacks and whites had to cope with.
• In 1965, King was criticized by the press, such
  as Time and The Washington Post, for speaking out
  against the injustices of the Americas
  involvement in Vietnam.
• Click here for more information about Dr. King
  and his mission! http//www.mlkmemorial.org/

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And Now Robert Ciavarros 1 Historical
Ignatian Knight is
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Jacob Riis
Birth May 3, 1849 Death May 26, 1914

• Riis worked as a police reporter for the New York
  Tribune where he used his journalism skills to
  convey the horrifying poverty of New York City.
• Traveled from slum to slum taking photographs of
  the average living conditions of working class
  citizens in New York City.
• In 1889, Riis described the quality of slums in
  Scribners Magazine.
• Published the book How The Other Half Lives in
  18890. The book was a compilation of pictures and
  stories of tenement living.
• Spent 25 years of his life lecturing about
  poverty and justice.
• His work helped to inspire other reformers and
  muckrakers to fight for reforms and better
  conditions for the poor.

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Jacob Riis

• Jacob Riis came to the U.S. much like how other
  immigrants did. In 1870, Riis came to America by
  a steamship. He was lucky enough to land a job as
  a police reporter in New York. Attaining the
  power of flashlight powder, Riis was able to
  sneak his way into rat holes of slums in New York
  City.
• In 1890, Riis friendship with Theodore
  Roosevelt, who was at that time the head of the
  New York Board of Police Commissioners, helped
  to create basements and relief areas for the
  poor.
• In 1890, Riis created a book that compiled his
  writings and photographs of New York City slum
  life. The book was called How The Other Half
  Lives. The book showed many disturbing
  photographs such as a man lying dead in an
  alleyway, a blind man begging for change, and a
  mother in a cold cellar of an apartment complex.
  It showed the daily life of poor immigrants from
  the Irish to the Poles. Not only did Reese
  include photographs of his findings, but he also
  wrote about the daily occurrences in the slums.
  When the book was published it shocked the
  country.
• Some of the concluding chapters of How the Other
  Half Lives criticize the wealthy and politics of
  the country for not being progressive enough.
  Riis explains that it is only moral to provide
  basic needs for those in need.
• Click here to view the online version of How the
  Other Half Lives
• http//authentichistory.com/images/postcivilwar/ja
  cob_riis/contents.html

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Jacob Riis

• And so this task, too, has come to an end.
  Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.
  I have aimed to tell the truth as I saw it. If
  this book shall have borne ever so feeble a hand
  in garnering a harvest of justice, it has served
  its purpose. While I was writing these lines I
  went down to the sea, where thousands from the
  city were enjoying their summer rest. The ocean
  slumbered under a cloudless sky. Gentle waves
  washed lazily over the white sand, where children
  fled before them with screams of laughter.
  Standing there and watching their play, I was
  told that during the fierce storms of winter it
  happened that this sea, now so calm, rose in rage
  and beat down, broke over the bluff, sweeping all
  before it. No barrier built by human hands had
  power to stay it then. The sea of a mighty
  population, held in galling fetters, heaves
  uneasily in the tenements. Once already our city,
  to which have come the duties and
  responsibilities of metropolitan greatness before
  it was able to fairly measure its task, has felt
  the swell of its resistless flood. If it rise
  once more, no human power may avail to check it.
  (Riis- How the Other Half Lives)

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Two Sexy Ignatian Knights
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Honorable Mentions

• Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)- Author of
  Uncle Toms Cabin. Influential American
  abolitionist
• Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)- American
  abolitionist. Made speeches and wrote
  anti-slavery journalism.
• Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962) - Social activist.
  Most prominent white opponent of racial
  discrimination of her time.
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902)- American
  social reformer. Fought for womens voting
  rights. Abolitionist.
• Frances Perkins (1882-1965)- American Social
  reformer. First female member of the Cabinet.
  Helped to execute FDRs New Deal program.