Marine Food Resources:

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• Marine Food Resources  
• Fisheries Highly useful source of human
  nutrition (about 4 of human protein source)
• Fishes (sardine, herring, anchovy, mackerel,
  salmon, tuna, cod, flounder etc.)
• Mollusks (shelled creatures oysters, mussels,
  clams and squids/octopus)
• Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, and lobsters)
• Economic Impact 15 million jobs 70 billion
  dollars in 1995. 100 million metric tons caught
  annually.

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• 50 of world catch by
• China
• Japan
• Peru
• Chile
• Russia
• U.S

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• High Technology, Global scale fisheries are now
  well established but
• cost/unit has increased
• annual harvests are declining and per capita
  catch is rapidly declining catch is decreasing,
  population continues to increase
• 1999 - 224 billion spent to generate 70 billion
  in fish

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Peru Sardine
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Pacific herring and mackeral
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• Impact of global warming
• Maximum Sustainable Yield fundamental concept
  for renewable resource exploitation
• Over fishing depletion of breeding stock below
  that required for replenishment of the species -
• North Atlantic Cod fishery
• Pacific Northwest Salmon (ES) and King crab
  fishery

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Peru Anchovy
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• Pacific Sardine Commercial extinction
• Whale industry
• successive fishing of species to commercial
  extinction 1986 International Whaling Commission
  stop killing of large whales
• Still fishing whales - Japan, Norway, Iceland,
  Native Alaskans

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• Drift Nets Marine food resource "strip mining" 
• ghost nets and pirates still doing this
• Bycatch discarded catch of non-selective fishing
  gear

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• Tragedy of the Commons
• Depleted fisheries cause fisherman to increase
  harvest, which further depletes fisheries which
  causes fisherman to increase harvest, which
  further depletes fisheries, etc. etc......
• "The tragedy of the commons"
• Benefits are reaped by the individual
• Costs are shared communally

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• No incentive to conserve
• Only solution -
• informed populace - Communication,
• scientifically understood population and
• regulations, incentives (to help the resource)
• universal acceptance
• monitoring and enforcement
• divide up the oceans?

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• Aquaculture farming plants or animals in
  controlled conditions
• 10 of commercial food resource

• Seaweed - kelp (algin) (ES)

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• Seaweed - kelp (algin) Drugs